Quality of Life Assessment of Hypertensive Patients in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Jaipur

Background: Hypertension is the well-known risk factor for mortality and morbidity. About 7.1 million population worldwide dies each year due to cause of hypertension. It directly effects persons quality of life.  Methods: Total number of 128 Hypertension diagnosed Patient’s data were collected under this study who were admitted to the General Medicine wards of tertiary care teaching hospital. WHO BREF questionnaires were given and filled forms by patients were collected. Result: In physical health 42 Patients are with excellent health, 81 Patients are fall under the moderate health and 5 Patients are with poor physical health status. In psychological assessment 36 Patients are with excellent health 83 Patients are fall under the moderate health and 9 Patients are with poor physical health status. In Social relation, 15 Patients are with excellent health, 98 Patients are fall under the moderate health, and 15 Patients are with poor physical health status. In environmental assessment, 57 Patients are with excellent health, 41 Patients are fall under the moderate health and 31 Patients are with poor physical health status. Conclusion: This study has shown overall moderate QOL with mean 3.25 and SD 0.63 among hypertensive patients according all four domains. Physical activities and marital status were important independent factors affecting both domains in QOL. Older age was associated with lower QOL in physical health. Presence of co-morbidity in hypertension patients are an important health issue influencing their satisfaction in physical health. Interventions targeted towards improving QOL of disadvantage patients are needed in the setting. Keywords- Mental Health Assessment, WHO BREF, Quality of Life, Hypertension

Psychological and Anxiety/Depression Level Assessment among Quarantine People during Covid19 Outbreak

Background- Covid-19 outbreak results in lockdown of provinces by isolating the infected ones and quarantine the population to prevent community spread of corona virus. During quarantine people has to restrict their movement and keep themselves under self-isolation at their home to prevent infections. In long quarantine period it may create psychological or anxiety/depression problem for some people. The objective of our study is to assess and understand the level of psychological, anxiety/depression in quarantine people during covid19 outbreak. Methods- Self-designed digital questionnaire has been used to assess the psychological and anxiety/depression level. The questionnaire contains questions about demographic, socio-assessment, anxiety/depression and psychological assessment. The questionnaire was circulated via digital medium. Result- Total 181 quarantined people were participated in our study, most of our population ages between of 21-30. General health of our participants is moderately good, Socio-status of our participants is fairly effected may be due to restrict movement and conservative way of living during quarantine period. 60.8% of participants become nervous some of the time, about 50% of participants shows the anxiety/depression symptoms, about 30% of our participants are somewhat affected by their sleeping patterns and about 35% participants are sometimes unsatisfied or slightly satisfied during quarantine period. Apart from this out of 181 participants 15 people are having travel history of International or national destinations. The overall mean is 2.2 and SD is 0.6. Conclusion-We found somewhat negative emotions (anxiety/depression, Socio status) in people during quarantine. Which may show low quality of life or low satisfactory life. Keywords: Covid-19, lockdown, quarantine, anxiety, depressio

Using Nanotechnology for Enhancing the Shelf Life of Fruits

Edible coatings are thin layers of edible materials formed directly on fruits, usually by immersing the fruits in a coating material solution, and they are one of the most intriguing food developments in recent years. Colorants, flavours, nutrients, and anti-browning and antimicrobial agents can all be carried by edible coatings, extending shelf life and reducing pathogen growth on food surfaces. To manage moisture transfer, gas exchange, or oxidative processes, edible coatings can be applied using various procedures such as dipping, spraying, or coating. Because these systems have a larger surface area, nanoparticles may help to improve the barrier characteristics and functionality of fruit preservation coatings. Antimicrobial nanoparticles (NPs) are employed as matrixes in edible coatings and films (ECF), which are then applied to fruits to extend shelf life and improve storage quality. Nano Chitosan is one of the most prevalent polysaccharides, protein, and lipid-based edible coatings. These are characterised by poor gas and water barrier qualities, and they are frequently used as moisture loss sacrifice agents. Therefore, the purpose of this book chapter is to study the effect of nano edible coatings such as chitosan/tripolyphosphate (TPP), chitosan-methyl cellulose/silica (SiO2), gelatin-fiber/titanium dioxide (TiO2), gelatin-chitosan/ (Ag/ZnO), Gelatin/kafirin to quality attributes and prolonging the shelf life of fruits

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF ENTREPRENEURS IN EMERGING ECONOMIES

Abstract In the present economic scenario no country can afford to slow down the pace of its economic growth. The growth of economy business cycle must be in motion, products and services must be purchased. Now the one who can understands the market better will win the race and also contribute to country's economic growth. Till now we talk about the budding managers that Indian Inc. needs but now comes in picture the emerging people known as entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs are the one who not only help in meeting their goal but by this way they cater the several needs of society knowingly and unknowingly with their excellent enterprising skills. With the increase of entrepreneurship activities all over the world there is a generation of productive and meaningful employment and these employment opportunities are significantly necessary for the emerging economies as they are going to be hub of business activities. Industrial development is based on the entrepreneurial competencies of the people. The BRIC countries (Brazil, India, China and Russia) are the fastest growing economy and among these some also have significant percentage of youth but surprisingly have almost lowest entrepreneurial activities. This paper strives to dig out the facts that what are the opportunities and barriers which hinder the emergence of entrepreneurs and how the knowledge of these economies can help them to open consumer oriented ventures