Identification of Ketoprofen in Drug Formulation and Spiked Urine Samples by Micellar Thin Layer Chromatography and its Quantitative Estimation by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

A simple, selective and economical micellar thin layer chromatographic method for on-plate identification of ketoprofen from pure, pure, formulated and spiked urine samples was developed. The proposed method involves use of amino acid impregnated silica gel layers as stationary phase with mixed micelles (0.5% aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulphate plus Triton X-100 and acetone (8:5:1.5, v/v) as mobile phase. The nature as well as the concentration of surfactant influences the mobility of ketoprofen. The interference study was carried out using various organic and inorganic metabolites, usually found in human urine. The HPLC determination of ketoprofen (formulated and spiked urine) samples carried out at l=270 nm with mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile: double distilled water: acetic acid (1:1:1, v/v). The correlation coefficient was 0.99 and the recoveries of ketoprofen (formulated and spiked urine) were within range of 94.0-100.2% with relative standard deviation ranging from 0.6-0.86%

Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in bovine CARD15 and their associations with health and production traits in Canadian Holsteins

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) and Caspase Recruitment Domain 15 (CARD15) are important pattern recognition receptors that play a role in the initiation of the inflammatory and subsequent immune response. They have been previously identified as susceptibility loci for inflammatory bowel diseases in humans and are, therefore, suitable candidate genes for inflammatory disease resistance in cattle. The objective of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the bovine <it>TLR2 </it>and <it>CARD15 </it>and evaluate the association of these SNPs with health and production traits in a population of Canadian Holstein bulls.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A selective DNA pool was constructed based on the estimated breeding values (EBVs) for SCS. Gene segments were amplified from this pool in PCR reactions and the amplicons sequenced to reveal polymorphisms. A total of four SNPs, including one in intron 10 (c.2886-14A>G) and three in the exon 12 (c.3020A>T, c.4500A>C and c.4950C>T) were identified in <it>CARD15</it>; none were identified in <it>TLR2</it>. Canadian Holstein bulls (n = 338) were genotyped and haplotypes were reconstructed. Two SNPs, c.3020A>T and c.4500A>C, were associated with EBVs for health and production traits. The SNP, c.3020A>T, for example, was associated with SCS EBVs (p = 0.0097) with an allele substitution effect of 0.07 score. When compared to the most frequent haplotype Hap12(AC), Hap22(TC) was associated with increased milk (p < 0.0001) and protein (p = 0.0007) yield EBVs, and hap21(TA) was significantly associated with increased SCS EBV(p = 0.0120). All significant comparison-wise associations retained significance at 8% experimental-wise level by permutation test.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study indicates that SNP c.3020A>T might play a role in the host response against mastitis and further detailed studies are needed to understand its functional mechanisms.</p

Identification and Separation of Cannabis sativa, Embleia ribes, Myristica fragrans and Piper longum from Organic Extract on Silica Gel Surface with Anionic Micellar Solvent System : Application in Ayurvedic Medicine

Cannabis sativa, Myristica fragrans, Piper longum and Embleia ribes are the active pharma ingredients of an ayurvedic herbal formulation Jatiphaldya, which is beneficial in many typical stomach related disorders. The present study is aimed to develop a simple and reliable thin layer chromatographic (TLC) method using micellar solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as mobile phase for the identification of all the four herbal drugs with preliminary separation on silica gel ‘G’ TLC plate. The active components of drug were extracted in a mixture of ethanol and water (4:1), chromatographed on silica gel TLC plate using aqueous SDS (5%) as mobile phase and the resolved spots for Cannabis sativa (RF-0.95), Myristica fragrans (RF-0.64), Piper longum (RF-0.41) and Embleia ribes (RF-0.26) were identified using vanillin-sulfuric acid (2% solution of vanillin in 5% methanolic sulfuric acid). In order to realize most favorable mobile phase system in combination with silica gel ‘G’ as stationary phase, the effect of nature of surfactants (anionic, cationic or nonionic) and the level of concentration of each surfactant [sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), N-cetyl-N, N, N-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) or t- octyl phenoxydacaethoxy ethanol (TX-100)] on the mobility of all four active components was examined. In addition, the effect of organic (urea and alkanols) and inorganic (NaCl) additives in 5% aqueous SDS solution on mobility pattern of active herbal pharma ingredients was examined. The presence of ammonia and nitrate in the drug sample was found to hamper the resolution and identification of all active components. However, NaCl, KCl and glucose do not offer serious interference

Original Article Section: Radiology Ultrasonographic Fetal Gestational Age Determination by Biparietal Diameter

ABSTRACT Background: Size and body proportions at birth predict short and long term outcomes. The main determinant of perinatal mortality is low birth weight. Several development indicators like Biparietal diameter (BPD), Head Circumference (HC) and Femur Length (FL) are used to predict the gestational age. Aim: This study was designed to compare the accuracy of predicting gestational age by the measurements of biparietal diameter in the second and third trimester. Methods: This was a cross sectional study of uncomplicated 234 pregnant women of between 17 and 38 weeks of gestation. Results: Biparietal diameter measurements were tabulated against corresponding menstrual age and mean biparietal diameter. Conclusion: Accurate gestational age assessment is also essential in the evaluation of fetal growth and the detection of intrauterine growth restriction

Chromatographic Separation Studies of Cephalosporins on CTAB Modified Silica Layers with Different Buffer Solvent Systems

Various surfactant modified silica layers were used for the chromatography of five different Cephalosporins. The 4% methanolic CTAB impregnated silica layer was useful for the chromatography of Cephalosporins. The acidic buffer solvent systems were used with the 4% methanolic CTAB impregnated silica layers for the separation of different mixtures [A (Cefaclor, Ceftriaxone and Cefadroxil), B (Ceftriaxone, Cefoprazone and Cephalexin) and C (Cefaclor, Ceftriaxone and Cephalexin)] of Cephalosporins. The interference due to the presence of sodium and potassium salts, glucose and urea on the identification and mobility of all the five Cephalosporins were also examined

Factors affecting Farmer&apos;s Participation in Watershed development activities

ABSTRAC

Identification and Quantification of Lisinopril from Pure, Formulated and Urine samples by Micellar Thin Layer Chromatography

A simple, selective and economical micellar thin layer chromatographic method for on-plate analysis of lisinopril from pure, formulated and spiked urine samples was developed. The proposed method involves use of silica gel H layers as stationary phase and 4% aqueous N-cetyl-N, N, N-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as solvent system. The nature as well as the concentration of surfactants influences the mobility of lisinopril. The effects of alkanols usually used as organic modifiers in the solvent system, pH of the solvent system and the presence of nonelectrolytes (organic) and electrolytes (inorganic) in the solvent system on the mobility of lisinopril were studied. The interference study was carried out by using various organic and inorganic metabolites usually present in human urine. The spectrophotometric determination of lisinopril (pure, formulated and spiked urine) samples was carried out at 595nm using ninhydrin as chromogenic reagent. The beers law is obeyed in a concentration range of 10-150 g/mL with correlation coefficient of 0.9778 and molar absorptivity of 4.083 × 103 mol-1 cm-1. The recoveries of lisinopril (pure, formulated and urine spiked) were within range of 93.0 -100.2% with relative standard deviation ranging from 0.90 -2.8 %

Giant cystic intradural extramedullary pilocytic astrocytoma of Cauda equina

Astrocytomas of Conus‑Cauda equina region are rare. Astrocytomas, which are intramedullary tumors, may rarely have an extramedullary component. However, primary intradural extramedullary astrocytomas are extremely rare, with very few cases reported in the literature. We describe a giant extramedullary pilocytic astrocytoma of Cauda equina in a 20‑year‑old male. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such a case in the available literature. This case highlights the fact that astrocytomas can be primarily extramedullary and emphasizes the need to consider pilocytic astrocytoma in the differential diagnosis of cystic Cauda equina tumors