Engaging Undergraduates in Science Research: Not Just About Faculty Willingness.

Despite the many benefits of involving undergraduates in research and the growing number of undergraduate research programs, few scholars have investigated the factors that affect faculty members' decisions to involve undergraduates in their research projects. We investigated the individual factors and institutional contexts that predict faculty members' likelihood of engaging undergraduates in their research project(s). Using data from the Higher Education Research Institute's 2007-2008 Faculty Survey, we employ hierarchical generalized linear modeling to analyze data from 4,832 science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) faculty across 194 institutions to examine how organizational citizenship behavior theory and social exchange theory relate to mentoring students in research. Key findings show that faculty who work in the life sciences and those who receive government funding for their research are more likely to involve undergraduates in their research project(s). In addition, faculty at liberal arts or historically Black colleges are significantly more likely to involve undergraduate students in research. Implications for advancing undergraduate research opportunities are discussed

Efficacy of a brief multifactorial adherence-based intervention on reducing the blood pressure of patients with poor adherence: protocol for a randomized clinical trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Lowering of blood pressure by antihypertensive drugs reduces the risks of cardiovascular events, stroke, and total mortality. However, poor adherence to antihypertensive medications reduces their effectiveness and increases the risk of adverse events. In terms of relative risk reduction, an improvement in medication adherence could be as effective as the development of a new drug.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>The proposed randomized controlled trial will include patients with a low adherence to medication and uncontrolled blood pressure. The intervention group will receive a multifactorial intervention during the first, third, and ninth months, to improve adherence. This intervention will include motivational interviews, pill reminders, family support, blood pressure self-recording, and simplification of the dosing regimen.</p> <p>Measurement</p> <p>The primary outcome is systolic blood pressure. The secondary outcomes are diastolic blood pressure, proportion of patients with adequately controlled blood pressure, and total cost.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>The trial will evaluate the impact of a multifactorial adherence intervention in routine clinical practice. Ethical approval was given by the Ethical Committee on Human Research of Balearic islands, Spain (approval number IB 969/08 PI).</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>Current controlled trials ISRCTN21229328</p

Why Don't They Respond? An Investigation of Longitudinal Survey Nonresponse Among College Students Attending Four-Year Institutions

Over the past few decades, college student survey response rates have been declining. This is a problematic trend because student survey data are used extensively in endeavors such as accreditation, institutional improvement, and scholarly research. While low survey response rates are not necessarily a problem, they will be if they impact the representativeness of survey samples. Unfortunately, the limited literature on student survey nonresponse suggests that nonresponse is usually not random, though for college students little is known about the type of student, institutional, or administrative characteristics that promote student survey response.The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of college student survey response, in a comprehensive model that takes into account both student and institutional factors. Drawing on sociological, organizational, and psychological theories, a conceptual model of student- and institution-level influences on survey response was developed and tested using national longitudinal surveys administered by the Higher Education Research Institute (HERI) to first-time, full-time students enrolling at four-year institutions in the falls of 2003, 2004 and 2005. The study utilized hierarchical generalized linear modeling (HGLM) to examine predictors of longitudinal survey nonresponse one and four years after matriculation, for all students as well as for groups disaggregated by gender and self-identified race/ethnicity (White, Black/African American, Latino/a, and Asian American).Results revealed that a key group of response predictors was consistent across aggregated and disaggregated groups of students, one and four years after college entry. For virtually all students, a small set of student-level characteristics (most notably high school achievement, gender, personality, and self-rated likelihood of transfer) strongly predicted response propensities, indicating that students' entering characteristics have an enduring impact on their survey response likelihoods over the entire course of college. Institution-level results revealed that students were far less likely to respond to web surveys and mail surveys than they were to paper surveys handed out in person; survey incentives showed mixed effects. Institutional size was a consistent predictor across all students and surveys, while institutional survey climate significantly impacted response propensities for seniors only. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for both researchers and practitioners