100 research outputs found
Quantum Drag Forces on a Sphere Moving Through a Rarefied Gas
As an application of quantum fluid mechanics, we consider the drag force
exerted on a sphere by an ultra-dilute gas. Quantum mechanical diffraction
scattering theory enters in that regime wherein the mean free path of a
molecule in the gas is large compared with the sphere radius. The drag force is
computed in a model specified by the ``sticking fraction'' of events in which a
gaseous molecule is adsorbed by the spherical surface. Classical inelastic
scattering theory is shown to be inadequate for physically reasonable sticking
fraction values. The quantum mechanical scattering drag force is exhibited
theoretically and compared with experimental data.Comment: 5 pages no figure
One- and two-photon resonant spectroscopy of hydrogen and anti-hydrogen atoms in external electric fields
The resonant spectra of hydrogen and anti-hydrogen atoms in the presence of
an external electric field are compared theoretically. It is shown that
nonresonant corrections to the transition frequency contain terms linear in the
electric field. The existence of these terms does not violate space and time
parity and leads to a difference in the resonant spectroscopic measurements for
hydrogen and anti-hydrogen atoms in an external electric field. The one-photon
1s-2p and the two-photon 1s-2s resonances are investigated
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π° Zn22Al
The article presents the results of a thermogravimetrical study of the effect of thallium alloying additives on the oxidation kinetics of the Zn22Al alloy. Established in the temperature range of 473β623 K the kinetic and energy parameters of the oxidation of alloys. The oxidation of alloys proceeds according to the hyperbolic mechanism and has the order of 10β4 kgβmβ2βsecβ1. Higher activation energies indicate that the oxidation of these alloy samples results in the formation of oxide films with good protective properties. Additives of thallium in amounts of 0.01β1.0 wt.% contribute to a decrease in the oxidizability of the Zn22Al alloy. The resulting products during the oxidation of the studied alloys consist of a mixture of oxides ZnO, ZnAl2O4, Al2O3, Tl2O3Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π° Zn22Al. Π ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ
473β623 K ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ².
ΠΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ 10β4 ΠΊΠ³βΠΌβ2βΡΠ΅ΠΊβ1.
ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Ρ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ.
ΠΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ
ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ
0.01β1.0 ΠΌΠ°Ρ.% ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π° Zn22Al.
ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ZnO,
ZnAl2O4, Al2O3, Tl2O
ΠΠΏΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ
Introduction. A decrease in the number of patients with tuberculosis of the bone system coincides with an increase in the number of indications and methods for operational treatment. The continuing development in skeletal tuberculosis surgery techniques determines the search for a material capable of replacing autologous bone. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to enhance the results of treatment of spinal caries to speed up treatment of tuberculous osteomyelitis by applying collagen material and to solve the issues of orthopedic alignment for TB patients.Materials and methods. Surgical treatment was carried out on 32 patients in 2016β2018. The patients were divided into several groups: 18 underwent transpedicular fixation of the spine, 2 had concomitant HIV-infection, 2 underwent necrectomy of vertebral bodies with anterior spondylodesis lift system, 1 underwent necrectomy of vertebral bodies with bone autoplasty and with plate fixation, 2 had cervical spine fixation, while 2 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the humerus traumatic fracture received intramedullary surgery.Results. 31 patients reported a positive dynamic following surgery, while a fatal outcome not connected with the surgery was experienced in one case. Complications included allergic reaction in one case, while three patients developed postoperative wound seroma (both patients having HIV infection). One patient reported pain in the lower extremities following TPF. 3 patients with osteitis underwent necrectomy and filling of cavities with collagen material. Wounds were healed by secondary healing, while no rejection of collagen material took place.Conclusions. Introduction of collagen material in osteitis treatment can speed up fistula healing. The research work demonstrated the possibility of providing trauma care to patients under the conditions of an antitubercular centre.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Β«ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΒ». Π ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ: ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π 2016β2018 Π³Π³. Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Ρ 32 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ: 18 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, Ρ Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ, 2 Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π» ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π»ΠΈΡΡ-ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ, 1 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ β Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π» ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, 2 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ β ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, 2 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ Ρ ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 31 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π» ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ, Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ Π±ΡΠ» Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ (Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ). ΠΠ· ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π°Π»Π»Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅, Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² β ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π½Ρ (Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΠΠ§-ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ). ΠΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π’ΠΠ€ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° Π² Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ
. 3 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π½ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠΊΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Phase separation in paramagnetic Eu0.6La0.4-xSr xMnO3
We investigate the magnetic properties of the system Eu 0.6La0.4-xSrxMnO3 with 0.1β€xβ€0.3 by means of magnetic susceptibility and electron spin resonance measurements. Ferromagnetic resonance signals are observed in the paramagnetic regime from above the magnetic ordering temperature TN up to approximately room temperature. This regime is characterized by the coexistence of ferromagnetic entities within the globally paramagnetic phase. The results are compared to the Griffiths scenario reported in La1-xSr xMnO3. Β© 2011 American Physical Society
Characteristics of the centres of rotavirus and norovirus infections registered within the limits of the industrial city
This article shows the retrospective epidemiological analysis of the centres of rotavirus and norovirus infections registered within the limits of Ekaterinburg from 2000 to 2018. The main characteristics of the centres are given, such as long-term trends, distribution by territory and socio-professional groups, rates of focality (level, coefficient and index).Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΠ°- ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π±ΡΡΠ³ Π·Π° 2000-2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ²: ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ (ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ)
Resistance to antihypertensive therapy in hypertensive patients. The value of the renal and hemodynamic factors
In order to assess the significance of renal, renovascular lesions and dysfunctions in the development and progression of severe and resistant to combination antihypertensive therapy (GRA), arterial hypertension (AH) in 286 patients with primary hypertension of 1-3 degrees of severity, including 105 patients from the II century, and Article III. with signs of RAG. Use the classification AG European medical societies ES HI ESC 2013 (6). In 87 patients diagnosed with hypertension 1 severity, age from 27 to 65 years, on average 49,5 Β± 1,4 years, 36 men, women - 51.2 patients with hypertension severity was 82, the age from 34 to 68 years, on average 58,4 Β± 3,0 years, 38 men and women - 44; AH 3 tbsp. -117 people, 49 men, women - 68, age from 42 to 72 years, on average 58,3 Β± 3,8 years. Target values of blood pressure (120/80 mm Hg or less) achieved on such antihypertensive therapy in 87 patients with I st. and 29 with hypertension II degree. - They were 1 study group - PN). Partial normalization of blood pressure - a level not higher than 140/90 mm Hg It was in 65 patients (53 with hypertension II degree, and 12 with Stage III AH.) - Group 2 - CHN. In 105 patients (with Stage II St.- 34 and 83 Ρ Stage III AH. Failed to achieve a sustainable normalization of blood pressure, even when using a 3-4 component complex antihypertensive therapy on the results of blood pressure measurements over 6-8 office hours reached 180 GARDEN and (or) diastolic blood pressure of 110 mm Hg .st. - Group 3 patients - resistant AG (RAG). Resistance for hypertension was considered in cases with SBP above 180 mmHg. Art., Dad - above 110 mm Hg. St., in the absence of normalization on the background of a complex, three-component antihypertensive therapy and the worsening of concomitant coronary, cerebrovascular and renal failure, as well as the progression of visual impairment. We performed a comprehensive study of the function and structure of the MBC, which included urine and urinary sediment analysis by Nechiporenko on Zimnitsky, renal excretion and endogenous creatinine clearance. Diagnostics included dynamic renal scintigraphy, static renal scintigraphy, ultrasound of the kidneys and of the MBC, according to testimony - excretory urography, computed tomography of the adrenal glands, aortography and renal angiography. Found that patients with resistant ongoing combination antihypertensive therapy is different from the patients with stable disease rate of violations absorptive-excretory function - secretion and excretion of one or both kidneys, without significantly reducing function azotovyvedeniya. Renal artery stenosis is 4-5 times more frequently detected in patients with stable and malignant primary hypertension than in patients with labile its passage, and all vascular lesions, including pathology of the infrarenal aorta and the renal vein, almost 2 times more often. A number of forms of congenital and acquired diseases of the renal arteries and veins (7 species) were detected only in patients with resistant hypertension. Identification of the mechanisms of renal and renovascular hypertension severe allow some patients to increase the effectiveness of antihypertensive drug therapy or to achieve complete control of blood pressure.Π‘ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, Π²Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ (Π ΠΠ) Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ (ΠΠ) Ρ 286 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ 1 -3 ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Ρ 105 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
II ΡΡ. ΠΈ III ΡΡ. Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π ΠΠ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΠΠ/ΠΠΠ, 2013 [6]. Π£ 87 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΠ 1 ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡ 27 Π΄ΠΎ 65 Π»Π΅Ρ, Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ 49,5+1,4 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½ 36, ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ - 5 1 . ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΠ 2 ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ 82 .Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡ 34 Π΄ΠΎ 68 Π»Π΅Ρ, Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ 58,4+ 3,0 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½ 38 ΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ - 44; Ρ ΠΠ 3 ΡΡ. -1 1 7 ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ, ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½ 49, ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ - 68,Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡ 42 Π΄ΠΎ 72 Π»Π΅Ρ, Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ 58,3+3,8 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π¦Π΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΠ (120/80 ΠΌΠΌ ΡΡ.ΡΡ. ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅) ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Ρ 87 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
I ΡΡ. ΠΈ Ρ 29 Ρ ΠΠ II ΡΡ. - ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 1 Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ - ΠΠ). Π§Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ - Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ 140/90 ΠΌΠΌ ΡΡ.ΡΡ. Π±ΡΠ»Π° Ρ 65 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
( Ρ 53 Ρ ΠΠ II ΡΡ. ΠΈ Ρ 12 Ρ ΠΠ III ΡΡ.) - 2 Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° - Π§Π. Π£ 105 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
(Ρ ΠΠ II ΡΡ.- 34 ΠΈ Ρ 83 Ρ ΠΠ III ΡΡ. Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ, Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ 3-4 ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΠ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ 6-8 ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π·Π° ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π» Π‘ΠΠ 180 ΠΈ (ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ) ΠΠΠ 110ΠΌΠΌ ΡΡ .ΡΡ.- 3 Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
- ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ (Π ΠΠ). Π Π΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΠ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ 180 ΠΌΠΌ ΡΡ. ΡΡ., Π΄ΠΠ - Π²ΡΡΠ΅ 110 ΠΌΠΌ ΡΡ. ΡΡ., ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΠΠ‘, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ°, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ, ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ, ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΠΠ‘, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ - ΡΠΊΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π°ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΎΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ - ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ, Π±Π΅Π· ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² 4-5 ΡΠ°Π· ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ Π»Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π° Π°ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅Π½, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² 2 ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΄ ΡΠΎΡΠΌ Π²ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π½ (7 Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²) Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π²Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ»Π° Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΠ
Monitoring of the operating parameters of the KATRIN Windowless Gaseous Tritium Source
The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment will measure the absolute mass scale of neutrinos with a sensitivity of mnu = 200 meV/c2 by high-precision spectroscopy close to the tritium beta-decay endpoint at 18.6 keV. Its Windowless Gaseous Tritium Source (WGTS) is a beta-decay source of high intensity (1011 sβ1) and stability, where high-purity molecular tritium at 30 K is circulated in a closed loop with a yearly throughput of 10 kg. To limit systematic effects the column density of the source has to be stabilized at the 10β3 level. This requires extensive sensor instrumentation and dedicated control and monitoring systems for parameters such as the beam tube temperature, injection pressure, gas composition and so on. In this paper, we give an overview of these systems including a dedicated laser-Raman system as well as several beta-decay activity monitors. We also report on the results of the WGTS demonstrator and other large-scale test experiments giving proof-of-principle that all parameters relevant to the systematics can be controlled and monitored on the 10β3 level or better. As a result of these works, the WGTS systematics can be controlled within stringent margins, enabling the KATRIN experiment to explore the neutrino mass scale with the design sensitivity
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