21 research outputs found
Design of Adiabatic MTJ-CMOS Hybrid Circuits
Low-power designs are a necessity with the increasing demand of portable
devices which are battery operated. In many of such devices the operational
speed is not as important as battery life. Logic-in-memory structures using
nano-devices and adiabatic designs are two methods to reduce the static and
dynamic power consumption respectively. Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is an
emerging technology which has many advantages when used in logic-in-memory
structures in conjunction with CMOS. In this paper, we introduce a novel
adiabatic hybrid MTJ/CMOS structure which is used to design AND/NAND, XOR/XNOR
and 1-bit full adder circuits. We simulate the designs using HSPICE with 32nm
CMOS technology and compared it with a non-adiabatic hybrid MTJ/CMOS circuits.
The proposed adiabatic MTJ/CMOS full adder design has more than 7 times lower
power consumtion compared to the previous MTJ/CMOS full adder
Ethnic inequalities in the incidence of diagnosis of severe mental illness in England: a systematic review and new meta-analyses for non-affective and affective psychoses.
This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-019-01758-yPURPOSE: Although excess risks particularly for a diagnosis of schizophrenia have been identified for ethnic minority people in England and other contexts, we sought to identify and synthesise up-to-date evidence (2018) for affective in addition to non-affective psychoses by specific ethnic groups in England. METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis of ethnic differences in diagnosed incidence of psychoses in England, searching nine databases for reviews (citing relevant studies up to 2009) and an updated search in three databases for studies between 2010 and 2018. Studies from both searches were combined in meta-analyses allowing coverage of more specific ethnic groups than previously. RESULTS: We included 28 primary studies. Relative to the majority population, significantly higher risks of diagnosed schizophrenia were found in Black African (Relative risk, RR 5.72, 95% CI 3.87-8.46, n = 9); Black Caribbean (RR 5.20, 95% CI 4.33-6.24, n = 21); South Asian (RR 2.27, 95% CI 1.63-3.16, n = 14); White Other (RR 2.24, 95% CI 1.59-3.14, n = 9); and Mixed Ethnicity people (RR 2.24, 95% CI 1.32-3.80, n = 4). Significantly higher risks for diagnosed affective psychoses were also revealed: Black African (RR 4.07, 95% CI 2.27-7.28, n = 5); Black Caribbean (RR 2.91, 95% CI 1.78-4.74, n = 16); South Asian (RR 1.71, 95% CI 1.07-2.72, n = 8); White Other (RR 1.55, 95% CI 1.32-1.83, n = 5); Mixed Ethnicity (RR 6.16, 95% CI 3.99-9.52, n = 4). CONCLUSIONS: The risk for a diagnosis of non-affective and affective psychoses is particularly elevated for Black ethnic groups, but is higher for all ethnic minority groups including those previously not assessed through meta-analyses (White Other, Mixed Ethnicity). This calls for further research on broader disadvantages affecting ethnic minority people.Lankelly Chase Foundatio
National, sub-national, and risk-attributed burden of thyroid cancer in Iran from 1990 to 2019
An updated exploration of the burden of thyroid cancer across a country is always required for making correct decisions. The objective of this study is to present the thyroid cancer burden and attributed burden to the high Body Mass Index (BMI) in Iran at national and sub-national levels from 1990 to 2019. The data was obtained from the GBD 2019 study estimates. To explain the pattern of changes in incidence from 1990 to 2019, decomposition analysis was conducted. Besides, the attribution of high BMI in the thyroid cancer DALYs and deaths were obtained. The age-standardized incidence rate of thyroid cancer was 1.57 (95% UI: 1.33–1.86) in 1990 and increased 131% (53–191) until 2019. The age-standardized prevalence rate of thyroid cancer was 30.19 (18.75–34.55) in 2019 which increased 164% (77–246) from 11.44 (9.38–13.85) in 1990. In 2019, the death rate, and Disability-adjusted life years of thyroid cancer was 0.49 (0.36–0.53), and 13.16 (8.93–14.62), respectively. These numbers also increased since 1990. The DALYs and deaths attributable to high BMI was 1.91 (0.95–3.11) and 0.07 (0.04–0.11), respectively. The thyroid cancer burden and high BMI attributed burden has increased from 1990 to 2019 in Iran. This study and similar studies’ results can be used for accurate resource allocation for efficient management and all potential risks’ modification for thyroid cancer with a cost-conscious view
Status and Effects of Belief in God in Family Lifestyle from the Perspective of the Quran and Traditions
One of the most important issues is belief and recognition of God which is considered as one of the most urgent needs of human beings and acts such as an intellectual light that shows the direction for human life and gives meaning to it. It also can help human beings distinguish between clean and real life from ordinary and natural. Lifestyle is one debated issues in all aspects of human life in the context of different cultures and backgrounds. Also, the family is of vital importance as a place for happiness and misery of individuals and society as well as the foundational dimension of human life. So discussion of lifestyle is very necessary in the family life debate. Theism as the first religious belief clarifies the way of life for families and has many effects in the lifestyle of family such as strengthening the faith, physical and mental health, mental peace, unity, optimism and finding meaning in life, boosting morale and giving satisfaction, virtue, easing problems and creating a spirit of tolerance
Effects of Anethum graveolens L. (Dill) essential oil on the intensity of retained intestinal gas, flatulence and pain after cesarean section: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Energy-Efficient Ternary Multipliers Using CNT Transistors
In recent decades, power consumption has become an essential factor in attracting the attention of integrated circuit (IC) designers. Multiple-valued logic (MVL) and approximate computing are some techniques that could be applied to integrated circuits to make power-efficient systems. By utilizing MVL-based circuits instead of binary logic, the information conveyed by digital signals increases, and this reduces the required interconnections and power consumption. On the other hand, approximate computing is a class of arithmetic computing used in systems where the accuracy of the computation can be traded-off for lower energy consumption. In this paper, we propose novel designs for exact and inexact ternary multipliers based on carbon-nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFETs). The unique characteristics of CNFETs make them a desirable alternative to MOSFETs. The simulations are conducted using Synopsys HSPICE. The proposed design is compared against existing ternary multipliers. The results show that the proposed exact multiplier reduces the energy consumption by up to 6 times, while the best inexact design improves energy efficiency by up to 35 time compared to the latest state-of-the-art methods. Using the imprecise multipliers for image processing provides evidence that these proposed designs are a low-power system with an acceptable error
Evaluating Electroporation and Lipofectamine Approaches for Transient and Stable Transgene Expressions in Human Fibroblasts and Embryonic Stem Cells
Objective: Genetic modification of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is critical for
their extensive use as a fundamental tool for cell therapy and basic research. Despite
the fact that various methods such as lipofection and electroporation have been applied
to transfer the gene of interest (GOI) into the target cell line, however, there are few reports
that compare all parameters, which influence transfection efficiency. In this study,
we examine all parameters that affect the efficiency of electroporation and lipofection for
transient and long-term gene expression in three different cell lines to introduce the best
method and determinant factor.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, both electroporation and lipofection
approaches were employed for genetic modification. pCAG-EGFP was applied for transient
expression of green fluorescent protein in two genetically different hESC lines, Royan
H5 (XX) and Royan H6 (XY), as well as human foreskin fibroblasts (hFF). For long-term
EGFP expression VASA and OLIG2 promoters (germ cell and motoneuron specific genes,
respectively), were isolated and subsequently cloned into a pBluMAR5 plasmid backbone
to drive EGFP expression. Flow cytometry analysis was performed two days after transfection
to determine transient expression efficiency. Differentiation of drug resistant hESC
colonies toward primordial germ cells (PGCs) was conducted to confirm stable integration
of the transgene.
Results: Transient and stable expression suggested a variable potential for different cell
lines against transfection. Analysis of parameters that influenced gene transformation efficiency
revealed that the vector concentrations from 20-60 μg and the density of the subjected
cells (5×105 and 1×106 cells) were not as effective as the genetic background and
voltage rate. The present data indicated that in contrast to the circular form, the linearized
vector generated more distinctive drug resistant colonies.
Conclusion: Electroporation was an efficient tool for genetic engineering of hESCs
compared to the chemical method. The genetic background of the subjected cell line
for transfection seemed to be a fundamental factor in each gene delivery method. For
each cell line, optimum voltage rate should be calculated as it has been shown to play
a crucial role in cell death and rate of gene delivery