New Conjugate Gradient Method for Unconstrained Optimization with Logistic Mapping

In this paper , we suggested a new conjugate gradient algorithm for unconstrained optimization based on logistic mapping, descent condition and sufficient descent condition for our  method are provided. Numerical results show that our presented algorithm is more efficient for solving nonlinear unconstrained optimization problems comparing with (DY)

New Quasi-Newton (Dfp) With Logistic Mapping

In this paper, we propose a modification of the self-scaling quasi-Newton (DFP) method for unconstrained optimization using logistic mapping. We shoe that it produces a positive definite matrix. Numerical results demonstrate that the new algorithm is superior to standard DFP method with respect to the NOI and NOF

Trends and practices in prescribing anti-psychotropic medications in hospitalized patients with psychiatric disorders in a secondary care hospital

Background: Advances in the psycho-pharmacotherapy enhance the development of newer and better drugs in the management of psychiatric disorders. However, their proper utilization, safety and efficacy and adverse effects in the clinical practice needs continuous study. The study aimed to assess the trends and practice of prescribing psychotropic medications in hospitalized patients in a secondary care hospital in Ras Al Khaimah.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of six months in a psychiatry department. All the patient details including the demographic data and prescribing pattern of antipsychotic medication were collected from the patient case records and were later analysed by using descriptive statistics.Results: A total of 50 patient’s prescription were analysed during the study period. Male (54%) predominance was noted over females (46%) with majority (64%) of patients were in the age group of 21-40 years. Schizophrenia (35.8%) was the most common psychiatric disorders followed by affective disorders (30.86%). The average number of psychiatric drugs per prescription was found to be 3.38±1.23. Antipsychotics (43.36%) were the commonly prescribed class of medications followed by mood stabilizers (12.38%) and anxiolytics (11.06%) with olanzapine (n=26), sodium valproate (n=21) and clonazepam (n=9) being frequently prescribed medications. Escitalopram (n=9) was the most commonly used anti-depressants. Combination therapy (86%) is preferred over monotherapy (14%).Conclusions: This study helps to assist in ensuring rational drug therapy and reducing the incidence of drug related problems and medication errors and thereby enhancing the quality of care in patients with psychiatric disorders

A Combined Conjugate Gradient Quasi-Newton Method with Modification BFGS Formula

The conjugate gradient and Quasi-Newton methods have advantages and drawbacks, as although quasi-Newton algorithm has more rapid convergence than conjugate gradient, they require more storage compared to conjugate gradient algorithms. In 1976, Buckley designed a method that combines the CG method with QN updates, which is better than that observed for conjugate gradient algorithms but not as good as the quasi-Newton approach. This type of method is called the preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) method. In this paper, we introduce two new preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) methods that combine conjugate gradient with a new update of quasi-Newton methods. The new quasi-Newton method satisfied the positive define, and the direction of the new preconditioned conjugate gradient is descent direction. In numerical results, it is showing the new preconditioned conjugate gradient method is more effective on several high-dimension test problems than standard preconditioning

A New Conjugate Gradient for Unconstrained Optimization Based on Step Size of Barzilai and Borwein

In this paper, a new formula of  is suggested for conjugate gradient method of solving unconstrained optimization problems based on step size of Barzilai and Borwein. Our new proposed CG-method has descent condition, sufficient descent condition and global convergence properties. Numerical comparisons with a standard conjugate gradient algorithm show that this algorithm very effective depending on the number of iterations and the number of functions evaluation

New Proposed Conjugate Gradient Method for Nonlinear Unconstrained Optimization

In this paper, we suggest a new conjugate gradient method for unconstrained optimization by using homotopy theory. Our suggestion algorithm satisfies the conjugacy and descent conditions. Numerical result shows that our new algorithm is better than the standard CG algorithm with respect to the NOI and NOF

Seed germination and ultra structural changes in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) hybrid seed influenced by heat treatments

Seed dormancy in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is considered as one of the major causes for low and erratic germination. Oil palm hybrid seeds (dura × pisifera) were subjected to heat treatment for 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 days in a heating room at 39 + 1ºC and germination response, ultrastructural changes in embryo, endosperm and operculum structures were observed. The results revealed that seed heating for 50, 60 and 70 days and incubation in germination room (25 to 27 ºC) resulted in germination of 90.4, 93.6 and 94.8%, respectively. Heating of seeds for 0, 10 and 20 days had no effect on germination. Structural changes of dormant and germinating seeds were investigated through microtome sectioning and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Endosperm above the embryo is demarcated by several layers of small cells. During the break of seed dormancy, endosperm cleaves in the micropylar region through the small cells. Enlargement of embryo facilitates the dislocation of the operculum during the germination. It is confirmed that heat treatment for 60 to 70 days to be optimum for obtaining maximum oil palm seed germination. Nevertheless, heating oil palm seeds at 50oC is recommended for maximum germination in a short time

The radiological study of using fabricated calcium hydroxide from quail eggshell and plasma-rich fibrin for reconstitution of a mandibular bone gap in dogs

In this study, Calcium hydroxyl was fabricated from quail egg-shell and autogenous plasma-rich fibrin (PRF) to reconstitute the mandibular gap in dogs. In this study, 27 dogs of both sexes were used, enrolled in three groups, nine of each. A defect as a circular gap experimentally induced on the ventral surface of the lower mandible with a diameter of (14,0.5 mm). Clinical and Radiographical examinations were evaluated at (0,15,30 and 60 days post-surgery), and the XRD (X-Ray Diffractometer), Field Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS) analysis were performed. Clinically there was normal mastication and no award complications. Radiographically in 1st group treated with Ca(OH)², the healing near completed, and the opacification of the bone defect in the caudal body of the mandible, with a sclerosed margin representing maturating callus with complete trabecular bridging, whereas in 2nd group at same period representing good maturating callus with complete trabecular bridging, there is disappearance of gap and complete opacification. The XRD scanning of the quail eggshell proved the hexagonal crystalline shape of calcium hydroxide containing essential elements of natural bone calcium, oxygen, and Carbone. At the same time, FESEM demonstrated the characteristic hexagonal shape of the particles, allowing identifying them as calcium hydroxide in Ca(OH)2 group with no porous in PRF. In conclusion, using fabricated calcium hydroxide quail egg shell and prepared autogenous PRF demonstrated an effective bioactive agent with superior biocompatible properties of PRF for reconstitution mandibular defect in dogs; there was increased radiographic density of defective bone

A New Conjugate Gradient Coefficient for Unconstrained Optimization Based On Dai-Liao

This paper, proposes a new conjugate gradient method for unconstrained optimization based on Dai-Liao (DL) formula; descent condition and sufficient descent condition for our method are provided. The numerical results and comparison show that the proposed algorithm is potentially efficient when we compare with (PR) depending on number of iterations (NOI) and the number of functions evaluation (NOF)