Reactions of 1,2-ethanedithiol and 2-mercaptoethanol with unsaturated derivatives of four-coordinate phosphorus acids

The reaction of 1,2-ethanedithiol with diethyl vinylphosphonate in the presence of EtONa occurs as the addition of the sulfhydryl group to the β-carbon atom of the substrate to give 1:1 and 1:2 adducts. The nucleophilic addition of 2-mercaptoethanol at the β position of the multiple bond of diethyl vinyl-, diethyl allenyl-, and diethyl prop-1-ynylphosphonates involves only the sulfhydryl group. © 2004 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc

Thiacalix[4]monocrowns with terpyridine functional groups as new structural units for luminescent polynuclear lanthanide complexes

© 2016 © 2016 A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry.The synthesis and structure of thiacalix[4]monocrowns in 1,3-alternate configuration substituted by terpyridyl fragments on the lower rim are being discussed. It has been shown that the number of oxyethylene units in oligoethylene glycol chain affects the distribution of the yields of the cross-linking products leading to either thiacalix[4]monocrowns or bisthiacalix[4]arenes. Their complexation ability towards alkali metal and lanthanide ions has been studied using liquid extraction and MALDI TOF MS, in addition to luminescent properties of ligands and their lanthanide complexes. The NMR titration data discovered the participation of both crown ether and terpyridyl fragment in the coordination of lanthanide cations. The fluorescent titration showed the nonlinear emission response to the amount of lanthanide ions

Comparative analysis of the binding of thiacalix[4]arene-monocrown-ethers with monovalent metal salts using MALDI mass spectrometry

© 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.MALDI mass spectrometry is used for the first time for the rapid assessment of the binding of thiacalix[4]arene-monocrown-ethers with metal cations (Li, Na, K, Cs, Cu, Ag). The work is performed on examples of thiacalix[4]arene-monocrown-ethers in 1,3-alternate conformation with various numbers (m) of ethylene oxide units and various substituents in phenol groups. It is shown that thiacalix[4]arene-monocrown- ethers with m = 3, 4, 5, and 6 bind lithium, sodium, potassium, and cesium cations, respectively; in addition, the binding of cesium cations is stronger in the presence of aromatic substituents in the lower rim of thiacalix[4]arene-monocrown-ethers. Silver cations bind with calixarenes under study more intensely than copper ions. When aromatic substituents are present, the binding of silver cations is stronger than that of alkali metal ions with the studied thiacalix[4]arene-monocrown-ethers

Phosphorylated aminoacetal in the synthesis of new acyclic, cyclic, and heterocyclic polyphenol structures

New phosphorylated aminoacetal has been synthesized by the Kabachnik-Fields reaction; its reactivity has been studied in acid-catalyzed condensation with linear polyphenols (2-methylresorcinol, resorcinol, pyrogallol) and the Mannich reaction with macrocyclic polyphenol (calix[4]resorcinol). It has been determined for the first time that acid-catalyzed reaction of phosphorus-containing acetal with resorcinol and its derivatives in ethanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid gives new phosphorylated piperazines in addition to the compounds of diarylmethane series. Condensation of macrocyclic polyphenol (calix[4]resorcinol) with formaldehyde and N-((dihexylphosphoryl) methyl)-2, 2-dimethoxyethylamine (the Mannich reaction) has resulted in novel tetrasubstituted calixarene containing aminophosphine oxide and acetal groups on the "upper rim" of molecule. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the program «Lean polyclinic» in the central city hospital of Kachkanar

the article contains the statistical analysis of the work of the polyclinic in the Central City Hospital of the Kachkanar city before and after the implementation of the «Lean Polyclinic» program, the effectiveness of the following indicators was assessed: the actual annual capacity of outpatient and polyclinic institutions, the average number of visits per one inhabitant per year, the proportion of preventive visits to the polyclinic, the average hourly workload of a doctor at an appointment at the polyclinicв статье рассмотрен анализ работы поликлиники в ЦГБ г. Качканар до и после внедрения программы «Бережливая поликлиника»; оценена эффективность по следующим показателям: фактическая годовая мощность амбулаторно – поликлинических учреждений, среднее число посещений, приходящихся на одного жителя в год, удельный вес профилактических посещений в поликлинику, среднечасовая нагрузка врача на приеме в поликлинике

Morphometric parameters of hepatocytes of three zones of the rat liver lobule in the recovery period after mechanical injury of the lower leg

The aim of the study – to investigate the dynamics of morphometric parameters of liver hepatocytes in the recovery period after mechanical injury of the lower leg in rats.Цель исследования – исследовать динамику морфометрических показателей гепатоцитов печени в восстановительном периоде после механической травмы голени у крыс

α-Amino acetals containing a phosphonate or phosphine oxide group. Synthesis and reactions with resorcinols

New α-amino acetals containing a phosphonate or phosphine oxide group were synthesized by the Kabachnik-Fields reaction in the ternary system amino acetal-paraformaldehyde-dialkyl phosphonate (or dialkylphosphine oxide). Condensation of dialkyl (2,2-dimethoxyethylamino)methylphosphonates with resorcinol and its derivatives in ethanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid, apart from the corresponding 2,2-bis(polyhydroxyphenyl) ethylammonium salts, gave 2,5-bis(polyhydroxyphenyl)-1,4-bis[(dialkoxyphosphoryl)methyl]-piperazines. Dialkyl[(2,2-dimethoxyethylamino)methyl]phosphine oxides (Alk = C 8H17, C10H21) did not react with resorcinol derivatives under similar conditions, and analogous ammonium salts were obtained by heating the reactants in boiling trifluoroacetic acid. © 2014 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Assessment of cellular and humoral immunity in sentinel lymph node in breast cancer

The aim is immunohistochemical study of the expression level of T- and B-lymphocyte markers in breast cancer in the absence and presence of metastases in them.Цель исследования – изучить клиническую значимость относительного содержания CD3+, CD20+-клеток в сторожевых лимфатических узлах при раке молочной железы при отсутствии и наличии в них метастазов

Диагностика и лечение рака ротоглотки в реальной клинической практике в Республике Башкортостан: анализ за 2020 год

Introduction. Th e growing incidence of oropharyngeal cancer is driven by an increase in frequency of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer. Th e morbidity pattern of oropharyngeal cancer is area-specific.Aim. To analyze the oropharyngeal cancer diagnosis and treatment in the Republic of Bashkortostan for 2020.Materials and methods. Th e authors carried out a 2020 retrospective analysis of the diagnosis and treatment results of patients with oropharyngeal cancer. 79 patients were identified with this diagnosis. 84.8% (67/79) among them were males and 15.2% females (12/79). Th e mean age of the patients was 59.1 years. Th e site of primary tumor was on the oropharynx lateral wall in 37.8% cases (30/79), in the tongue root area — 24.1% (19/79), in the tonsils area — 17.7% (14/79), on the soft palate — 16.5% (13/79), on the oropharynx posterior wall — 3.8% (3/79).Results. Examination of tumor morphological types revealed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with various degrees of differentiation in 92.4% cases (73/79), adenocarcinoma of minor salivary gland — in 6.3% (5/79) and sarcoma in 1.2% (1/79). 57.5% of 73 patients with SCC (42/73) underwent protein (p16) immunohistochemistry, while 42.5% of the patients (31/73) did not. According to a surrogate marker for HPV, the following results were obtained for 42 patients: p16-positive in 23.8% cases (10/42), p16-negative in 76.2% (32/42). Stage distribution according to TNM-7: stage I — 11.4% (9/79), stage II — 17.7% (14/79), stage III — 36.7% (29/79), stage IV — 46.8% (37/79). Stage distribution according to TNM-8 (patients who underwent p16 immunohistochemistry): stage I — 11.9% (5/42), stage II — 23.8% (10/42), stage III — 19% (8/42), stage IV — 45.2% (19/42). In 2020, 72% of patients (57/79) received definitive treatment, 10.1% (8/79) — palliative care, 15.2% (12/79) — supportive care, and 2.5% (2/79) refused medical treatment.Discussion. Th e various types of radiation therapy were used as the main defi nitive treatment for patients with oropharyngeal cancer in 69.2% cases (45/65). Only 18.5% of patients (12/65) underwent surgery, 58.3% of which (7/12) received post-surgery radiation therapy.Conclusion. 57.5% of patients (42/73) were detected with HPV status, 23.8% (10/42) revealed surrogate markers for HPV association. 69.2% of patients (45/65) received radiation therapy as the definitive treatment. 18.5% of patients (12/65) underwent surgery, 58.3% of which (7/12) received postsurgery radiation therapy.Введение. Современная тенденция роста заболеваемости раком ротоглотки обусловлена ростом ВПЧ-ассоциированной формы рака ротоглотки. Структура данной заболеваемости имеет территориальные особенности.Цель исследования. Провести анализ диагностики и лечения рака ротоглотки в Республике Башкортостан за 2020 год.Материалы и методы. Выполнен ретроспективный анализ результатов диагностики и лечения пациентов с диагнозом «рак ротоглотки» за 2020 год. Данный диагноз был установлен 79 пациентам. Доля пациентов мужского пола составила 84,8 % (67/79), женского пола — 15,2 % (12/79). Средний возраст пациентов — 59,1 года. Первичная опухоль локализовалась на боковой стенке ротоглотки в 37,8 % (30/79), в области корня языка — 24,1 % (19/79), в области миндалин — 17,7 % (14/79), мягкого неба — 16,5 % (13/79), на задней стенке ротоглотки — 3,8 % (3/79) случаев. Результаты. При анализе морфологических форм опухоли в 92,4 % (73/79) случаев это плоскоклеточный рак (ПКР) различной степени дифференцировки, в 6,3 % (5/79) — аденокарциномы из малых слюнных желез, в 1,2 % (1/79) — саркома. Из 73 пациентов с ПКР ротоглотки иммуногистохимическое исследование на белок р16 было выполнено 57,5 % (42/73) пациентов, 42,5 % (31/73) пациентов не проведено. У 42 пациентов по данным суррогатного маркера ВПЧ-ассоциации получены следующие результаты: р16-положительный результат у 23,8 % (10/42), р16-отрицательный результат у 76,2 % (32/42). Распределение по стадиям в соответствии TNM- 7: 1-я стадия — 11,4 % (9/79), 2-я стадия — 17,7 % (14/79), 3-я стадия — 36,7 % (29/79), 4-я стадия — 46,8 % (37/79). Распределение по стадиям в соответствии TNM-8 (пациентам, которым выполнено исследование ИГХ на р16): 1-я стадия — 11,9 % (5/42), 2-я стадия — 23,8 % (10/42), 3-я стадия — 19 % (8/42), 4-я стадия — 45,2 % (19/42). За 2020 год радикальное лечение проведено 72 % (57/79), паллиативное лечение — 10,1 % (8/79), симптоматическая терапия — 15,2 % (12/79), от лечения отказались 2,5 % (2/79) пациентов.Обсуждение. Основным радикальным методом лечения пациентов с раком ротоглотки была лучевая терапия в различных вариантах — 69,2 % (45/65) случаев. Хирургическое лечение проведено только 18,5 % (12/65) пациентов, из них 58,3 % (7/12) проведена послеоперационная лучевая терапия.Заключение. Определение ВПЧ-статуса было выполнено у 57,5 % (42/73), и у 23,8 % (10/42) пациентов выявлены суррогатные маркеры ВПЧ-ассоциации. 69,2 % (45/65) пациентов в качестве основного радикального лечения была проведена лучевая терапия в различных вариантах. 18,5 % (12/65) пациентов было проведено хирургическое лечение, из них 58,3 % (7/12) проведена послеоперационная лучевая терапия

OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF VOUCHER FINANCING IN UZBEKISTAN

The article examines the methodology of financing school education based on the voucher principle. It also focuses on specific aspects of the implementation of school education in a pandemic environment. Suggestions and recommendations have been developed based on best practices. The specific aspects of the per capita financing method of school education and voucher financing methods have been studied. Priorities for funding through these methods have been identified and evaluated