291 research outputs found
The influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor produced by Staphylococcus aureus
The glycoproteinic complex has been isolated from the Staphylococcus aureus culture fluid possessing an activity inhibiting influenza virus neuraminidase. Two fractions have been further purified containing different monosugars components, the first one has been shown to contain mannose, glucose, rhamnose, glucosamine, and galactosamine, while rhamnose is absent in the second fraction, A component of fraction 1 inhibits the neuraminidase activity and at the same time enhances the virus hemagglutinating activity more strongly comparing to the fraction 2. Some chemical modifications of the substances of the fractions studied (periodate oxidation, protease pretreatment, and delipidization) prove the carbohydrate component of the complex to be responsible for its antineuraminidase activity. The protease pretreatment decreases twice the antineuraminidase activity of the fraction 2 having no influence on this activity of the fraction 1.Π ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ° Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠ° (S. aureus) Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ Π· Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠΎ Π³Π°Π»ΡΠΌΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ΄Π°Π·Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΡΡ Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΡ. ΠΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π²Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡ Π· ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ². ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡ Π ΠΌΡΡΒΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ·Ρ, Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ·Ρ, Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ ΡΠ° Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΡΠ½; Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π° β Π²ΡΡ ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈ, ΠΊΡΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ. Π Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π° Π· ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡ 1 Π³Π°Π»ΡΠΌΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ΄Π°Π·Π½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π³Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΡΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠ΅, Π½ΡΠΆ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π° Π· ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡ 2. Π ΡΠ΄ Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ (ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΉΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π°Π·ΠΎΡ ΡΠ° Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠΏΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ) ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π²ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ Ρ Π·Π΄ΡΠΉΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ΄Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΡ; ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π°Π·ΠΎΡ Π²Π΄Π²ΡΡΡ Π·Π½ΠΈΠΆΡΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ΄Π°Π·Π½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡ 2, Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ ΠΆ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡ 1.ΠΠ· ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ S. aureus Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·Π½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π²Π΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ·Ρ, Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ·Ρ, Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½; Π²ΡΠΎΒΡΠ°Ρ β Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ, ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ·Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ I, ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·Π½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π³Π³Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Π³ΡΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ 2. Π ΡΠ΄ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ (ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΉΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π°Π·ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ) Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΒΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π² Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ; ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π°Π·ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΄Π²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΄Π°Π·Π½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ 2, Π½Π΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ 1
The quantum dilogarithm and representations quantum cluster varieties
We construct, using the quantum dilogarithm, a series of *-representations of
quantized cluster varieties. This includes a construction of infinite
dimensional unitary projective representations of their discrete symmetry
groups - the cluster modular groups. The examples of the latter include the
classical mapping class groups of punctured surfaces.
One of applications is quantization of higher Teichmuller spaces.
The constructed unitary representations can be viewed as analogs of the Weil
representation. In both cases representations are given by integral operators.
Their kernels in our case are the quantum dilogarithms.
We introduce the symplectic/quantum double of cluster varieties and related
them to the representations.Comment: Dedicated to David Kazhdan for his 60th birthday. The final version.
To appear in Inventiones Math. The last Section of the previous versions was
removed, and will become a separate pape
Some Aspects of Rotational and Magnetic Energies for a Hierarchy of Celestial Objects
Celestial objects, from earth like planets to clusters of galaxies, possess
angular momentum and magnetic fields. Here we compare the rotational and
magnetic energies of a whole range of these celestial objects together with
their gravitational self energies and find a number of interesting
relationships. The celestial objects, due to their magnetic fields, also posses
magnetic moments. The ratio of magnetic moments of these objects with the
nuclear magnetic moments also exhibits interesting trends. We also compare
their gyromagnetic ratio which appears to fall in a very narrow range for the
entire hierarchy of objects. Here we try to understand the physical aspects
implied by these observations and the origin of these properties in such a wide
range of celestial objects, spanning some twenty orders in mass, magnetic field
and other parameters.Comment: 12 pages, 37 equation
Kinks in the Presence of Rapidly Varying Perturbations
Dynamics of sine-Gordon kinks in the presence of rapidly varying periodic
perturbations of different physical origins is described analytically and
numerically. The analytical approach is based on asymptotic expansions, and it
allows to derive, in a rigorous way, an effective nonlinear equation for the
slowly varying field component in any order of the asymptotic procedure as
expansions in the small parameter , being the frequency
of the rapidly varying ac driving force. Three physically important examples of
such a dynamics, {\em i.e.}, kinks driven by a direct or parametric ac force,
and kinks on rotating and oscillating background, are analysed in detail. It is
shown that in the main order of the asymptotic procedure the effective equation
for the slowly varying field component is {\em a renormalized sine-Gordon
equation} in the case of the direct driving force or rotating (but phase-locked
to an external ac force) background, and it is {\em the double sine-Gordon
equation} for the parametric driving force. The properties of the kinks
described by the renormalized nonlinear equations are analysed, and it is
demonstrated analytically and numerically which kinds of physical phenomena may
be expected in dealing with the renormalized, rather than the unrenormalized,
nonlinear dynamics. In particular, we predict several qualitatively new effects
which include, {\em e.g.}, the perturbation-inducedComment: New copy of the paper of the above title to replace the previous one,
lost in the midst of the bulletin board. RevTeX 3.
Crystallization of the ordered vortex phase in high temperature superconductors
The Landau-Khalatnikov time-dependent equation is applied to describe the
crystallization process of the ordered vortex lattice in high temperature
superconductors after a sudden application of a magnetic field. Dynamic
coexistence of a stable ordered phase and an unstable disordered phase, with a
sharp interface between them, is demonstrated. The transformation to the
equilibrium ordered state proceeds by movement of this interface from the
sample center toward its edge. The theoretical analysis dictates specific
conditions for the creation of a propagating interface, and provides the time
scale for this process.Comment: 8 pages and 3 figures; to be published in Phys. Rev. B (Rapid
Communications section
Anisotropic dark energy stars
A model of compact object coupled to inhomogeneous anisotropic dark energy is
studied. It is assumed a variable dark energy that suffers a phase transition
at a critical density. The anisotropic Lambda-Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff
equations are integrated to know the structure of these objects. The anisotropy
is concentrated on a thin shell where the phase transition takes place, while
the rest of the star remains isotropic. The family of solutions obtained
depends on the coupling parameter between the dark energy and the fermion
matter. The solutions share several features in common with the gravastar
model. There is a critical coupling parameter that gives non-singular black
hole solutions. The mass-radius relations are studied as well as the internal
structure of the compact objects. The hydrodynamic stability of the models is
analyzed using a standard test from the mass-radius relation. For each
permissible value of the coupling parameter there is a maximum mass, so the
existence of black holes is unavoidable within this model.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, final manuscript, Accepted for publication in
Astrophysics & Space Scienc
Four-fermion interaction from torsion as dark energy
The observed small, positive cosmological constant may originate from a
four-fermion interaction generated by the spin-torsion coupling in the
Einstein-Cartan-Sciama-Kibble gravity if the fermions are condensing. In
particular, such a condensation occurs for quark fields during the
quark-gluon/hadron phase transition in the early Universe. We study how the
torsion-induced four-fermion interaction is affected by adding two terms to the
Dirac Lagrangian density: the parity-violating pseudoscalar density dual to the
curvature tensor and a spinor-bilinear scalar density which measures the
nonminimal coupling of fermions to torsion.Comment: 6 pages; published versio
Magnetism in Dense Quark Matter
We review the mechanisms via which an external magnetic field can affect the
ground state of cold and dense quark matter. In the absence of a magnetic
field, at asymptotically high densities, cold quark matter is in the
Color-Flavor-Locked (CFL) phase of color superconductivity characterized by
three scales: the superconducting gap, the gluon Meissner mass, and the
baryonic chemical potential. When an applied magnetic field becomes comparable
with each of these scales, new phases and/or condensates may emerge. They
include the magnetic CFL (MCFL) phase that becomes relevant for fields of the
order of the gap scale; the paramagnetic CFL, important when the field is of
the order of the Meissner mass, and a spin-one condensate associated to the
magnetic moment of the Cooper pairs, significant at fields of the order of the
chemical potential. We discuss the equation of state (EoS) of MCFL matter for a
large range of field values and consider possible applications of the magnetic
effects on dense quark matter to the astrophysics of compact stars.Comment: To appear in Lect. Notes Phys. "Strongly interacting matter in
magnetic fields" (Springer), edited by D. Kharzeev, K. Landsteiner, A.
Schmitt, H.-U. Ye
Photon mixing in universes with large extra-dimensions
In presence of a magnetic field, photons can mix with any particle having a
two-photon vertex. In theories with large compact extra-dimensions, there
exists a hierachy of massive Kaluza-Klein gravitons that couple to any photon
entering a magnetic field. We study this mixing and show that, in comparison
with the four dimensional situation where the photon couples only to the
massless graviton, the oscillation effect may be enhanced due to the existence
of a large number of Kaluza-Klein modes. We give the conditions for such an
enhancement and then investigate the cosmological and astrophysical
consequences of this phenomenon; we also discuss some laboratory experiments.
Axions also couple to photons in the same way; we discuss the effect of the
existence of bulk axions in universes with large extra-dimensions. The results
can also be applied to neutrino physics with extra-dimensions.Comment: 41 pages, LaTex, 6 figure
Interacting new agegraphic viscous dark energy with varying
We consider the new agegraphic model of dark energy with a varying
gravitational constant, , in a non-flat universe. We obtain the equation of
state and the deceleration parameters for both interacting and noninteracting
new agegraphic dark energy. We also present the equation of motion determining
the evolution behavior of the dark energy density with a time variable
gravitational constant. Finally, we generalize our study to the case of viscous
new agegraphic dark energy in the presence of an interaction term between both
dark components.Comment: 12 pages, accepted for publication in IJTP (2010
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