Bruce Beaver - A Poet's Poet [tribute]

Bruce Beaver died peacefully in his sleep on February 17, a few days after his seventy-sixth birthday. He had been under dialysis for a dozen years, so the news was not unexpected. But it is always a shock and a sadness when a commanding poet dies.Australia Council, La Trobe University, National Library of Australia, Holding Redlich, Arts Victori

Old Children. [poem]

This item is a poem by Tom Shapcott, dedicated to Ron and Pam Simpson

Remembering Stow. "To The Islands" and "Tourmaline" by Randolph Stow. [review]

The republication of these two books is admirable. "To the Islands" reads strongly still. It is novella length in this current, slightly pared-down edition, something the author himself directed. Similar positive qualities are also evident in "Tourmaline", a more confronting novel. The bleak and symbolically poetic opening chapter was in some ways Stow's most obvious heritage from "Voss". "Tourmaline" makes its initial tributes to the Master, but it maintains a tricky balance between Stow's own quizzical version of a Steele Rudd family and a personal exploration of Taoism.Australia Council, La Trobe University, National Library of Australia, Holding Redlich, Arts Victori

Phylogenomics and the rise of the angiosperms

International audienceAngiosperms are the cornerstone of most terrestrial ecosystems and human livelihoods 1,2 . A robust understanding of angiosperm evolution is required to explain their rise to ecological dominance. So far, the angiosperm tree of life has been determined primarily by means of analyses of the plastid genome 3,4 . Many studies have drawn on this foundational work, such as classification and first insights into angiosperm diversification since their Mesozoic origins 5–7 . However, the limited and biased sampling of both taxa and genomes undermines confidence in the tree and its implications. Here, we build the tree of life for almost 8,000 (about 60%) angiosperm genera using a standardized set of 353 nuclear genes 8 . This 15-fold increase in genus-level sampling relative to comparable nuclear studies 9 provides a critical test of earlier results and brings notable change to key groups, especially in rosids, while substantiating many previously predicted relationships. Scaling this tree to time using 200 fossils, we discovered that early angiosperm evolution was characterized by high gene tree conflict and explosive diversification, giving rise to more than 80% of extant angiosperm orders. Steady diversification ensued through the remaining Mesozoic Era until rates resurged in the Cenozoic Era, concurrent with decreasing global temperatures and tightly linked with gene tree conflict. Taken together, our extensive sampling combined with advanced phylogenomic methods shows the deep history and full complexity in the evolution of a megadiverse clade