Demographic characteristics of the participants with anisometropic amblyopia.

<p>Demographic characteristics of the participants with anisometropic amblyopia.</p

The anatomical distribution of the altered normalized ReHo in anisometropic amblyopia visualized by individuals Caret v5.61 software (<i>P<0.01</i>, 130 voxels, Alphasim corrected <i>P_alpha</i> = 0.01).

<p>Abbreviations: Pcun = precuneus, IFG = inferior frontal gyrus, MPFC = media prefrontal cortex, Cereb = cerebellum; PostCG = postcentral gyrus, PretCG = precentral gyrus, PCL = paracentral lobule, STG = superior temporal gyrus, FG = fusiform gyrus, MOG = middle occipital gyrus.</p

Brain areas with increased ReHo in anisometropic amblyopia individuals (<i>P<0.01</i>, 130 voxels, Alphasim corrected <i>P_alpha</i> = 0.01).

<p>Abbreviations: PostCG = postcentral gyrus, PretCG = precentral gyrus, PCL = paracentral lobule, INS/PUT = insula and putamen, STG = superior temporal gyrus, FG = fusiform gyrus, MOG = middle occipital gyrus.</p><p>L: left, R: right.</p

Plot of the normalized ReHo values in the brain areas in which ReHo values were significantly different between the subjects with normal vision and anisometropic amblyopia individuals(A).

<p>Correlation between the mean fitted ReHo indices and visual acuities in the patients with anisometropic amblyopia (P<0.05)(B). Abbreviations: same with <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0043373#pone-0043373-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>.</p

Clinical Characteristics.

a<p>Two sample t-test.</p>b<p>Pearson Chi-square test.</p

Whiter matter regions with lower FA in adult strabismus.

<p>White matter regions with lower FA in strabismus patients, including right middle occipital gyrus (Z = +6) and right supramarginal gyrus (Z = +30).</p

Changes of white matter volumes in adult strabismus.

<p>White matter volumes were smaller in strabismus group than in the normal group, at the right middle occipital gyrus, right occipital lobe/cuneus, right supramarginal gyrus, right cingulate gyrus, right frontal lobe/sub-gyral, right inferior temporal gyrus, left parahippocampa gyrus, left cingulate gyrus, left occipital lobe/cuneus, left middle frontal gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule, and left postcentral gyrus. No brain region with greater white matter volume was found.</p

Table5_QTL mapping and identification of candidate genes using a genome-wide association study for heat tolerance at anthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.).DOC

Heat tolerance (HT) of rice at anthesis is a key trait that ensures high and stable yields under heat stress. Finding the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and gene loci controlling HT is crucial. We used relative spikelet fertility (RSF) as a measure of HT. The phenotypic values of RSF in 173 rice accessions were investigated in two environments and showed abundant variations. We performed a genome-wide association study on RSF using 1.2 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Five QTLs were significantly associated with RSF were identified, four were found in previously reported QTLs/genes, and one was novel. The novel QTL qRSF9.2 was mapped into the 22,059,984-22,259,984 bp region, which had 38 positional candidate genes. By combining the linkage disequilibrium analysis, the QTL region was narrowed to 22,110,508–22,187,677 bp, which contained 16 candidate genes. Among them, only gene LOC_Os09g38500 contained nonsynonymous SNPs that were significantly associated with RSF. In addition, accessions with large and small RSF values had corresponding respective high and low gene expression levels. Furthermore, the RSF of the CC allele was significantly higher than that of the TT allele. Hap 2 and Hap 3 can increase heat tolerance by 7.9 and 11.3%, respectively. Our results provide useful information that recommends further cloning of qRSF9.2 and breeding heat-tolerant rice varieties by marker-assisted selection.</p

Table3_QTL mapping and identification of candidate genes using a genome-wide association study for heat tolerance at anthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.).XLS

Heat tolerance (HT) of rice at anthesis is a key trait that ensures high and stable yields under heat stress. Finding the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and gene loci controlling HT is crucial. We used relative spikelet fertility (RSF) as a measure of HT. The phenotypic values of RSF in 173 rice accessions were investigated in two environments and showed abundant variations. We performed a genome-wide association study on RSF using 1.2 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Five QTLs were significantly associated with RSF were identified, four were found in previously reported QTLs/genes, and one was novel. The novel QTL qRSF9.2 was mapped into the 22,059,984-22,259,984 bp region, which had 38 positional candidate genes. By combining the linkage disequilibrium analysis, the QTL region was narrowed to 22,110,508–22,187,677 bp, which contained 16 candidate genes. Among them, only gene LOC_Os09g38500 contained nonsynonymous SNPs that were significantly associated with RSF. In addition, accessions with large and small RSF values had corresponding respective high and low gene expression levels. Furthermore, the RSF of the CC allele was significantly higher than that of the TT allele. Hap 2 and Hap 3 can increase heat tolerance by 7.9 and 11.3%, respectively. Our results provide useful information that recommends further cloning of qRSF9.2 and breeding heat-tolerant rice varieties by marker-assisted selection.</p

Table4_QTL mapping and identification of candidate genes using a genome-wide association study for heat tolerance at anthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.).DOC

Heat tolerance (HT) of rice at anthesis is a key trait that ensures high and stable yields under heat stress. Finding the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and gene loci controlling HT is crucial. We used relative spikelet fertility (RSF) as a measure of HT. The phenotypic values of RSF in 173 rice accessions were investigated in two environments and showed abundant variations. We performed a genome-wide association study on RSF using 1.2 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Five QTLs were significantly associated with RSF were identified, four were found in previously reported QTLs/genes, and one was novel. The novel QTL qRSF9.2 was mapped into the 22,059,984-22,259,984 bp region, which had 38 positional candidate genes. By combining the linkage disequilibrium analysis, the QTL region was narrowed to 22,110,508–22,187,677 bp, which contained 16 candidate genes. Among them, only gene LOC_Os09g38500 contained nonsynonymous SNPs that were significantly associated with RSF. In addition, accessions with large and small RSF values had corresponding respective high and low gene expression levels. Furthermore, the RSF of the CC allele was significantly higher than that of the TT allele. Hap 2 and Hap 3 can increase heat tolerance by 7.9 and 11.3%, respectively. Our results provide useful information that recommends further cloning of qRSF9.2 and breeding heat-tolerant rice varieties by marker-assisted selection.</p