A Comparative Study of Different Segmentation Techniques for Brain Tumour Detection

Brain tumour detection is one of the challenging tasks in medical image processing. The present study discusses in detail the segmentation process by means of histogram clustering, Global thresholding, Watershed segmentation and edge based segmentation. Six MRI images from radiologists were collected and the experiments were conducted for statistical analysis also. A comparative study is made and the results are of great interest and practical utility

Analysis of Blood Donor Deferral Causes in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital: A Key to Recruit Blood Donors

Background: Blood donors are rejected for various reasons. Deferred donors generally have a negative feel¬ing about themselves as well as the blood donation process and in future, these donors are less likely to return for blood donation. Retention and re-entry of these temporarily deferred donors can be achieved by analyzing the reasons of their deferrals and ameliorating the causes wherever possible. Aim of the study : The aim of this study was to know the profile of donors who come for blood donation at a tertiary care hospital, Hyderabad and also the reasons for blood donation deferral among them. Materials & Methods : The study was conducted at tertiary care teaching hospital in Hyderabad. All those who attended for donation between 1st January 2013 and 31st December 2016 were included in the study. Results: Out of 75,167 donors, 70,173 donors have donated the blood and a total of 4994 (6.64%) donors were deferred. Out of 4,994 donors deferred, 4,670 (93.51%) were males and 324 (6.49%) were females; 4,804 (96.19) were replacement and 190 (3.81%) were voluntary donors respectively. Predominant age group deferred was in the range of 18-30 years. Temporary and permanent deferrals were 76.37% and 23.63% respectively. Most common reason for deferral was low haemoglobin (49.09%) followed by alcohol consumption (1.5%) and drug intake (1.47%). Conclusion: Most of the studies in literature indicate high percentage of donor deferrals due to temporary causes. These temporarily deferred donors can be treated and can be brought back into the donor program

RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF PACKED RED BLOOD CELL TRANSFUSION IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITALIN SOUTHERN INDIA

Introduction: Packed Red cells (Packed RBC) forms an important element in the treatment of various medical conditions. RBC transfusions are generally done to treat hemorrhage and also to enhance oxygen delivery to tissues. Transfusion of RBCs should be based on the patient's clinical condition. Our present study was aimed at analyzing the appropriateness of usage of packed red blood cell usage in our tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This present study was a retrospective analysis of 3000 packed red blood cells issue request forms over the period from august 2017 to October 2017 were analyzed. The appropriate use of packed RBC was assessed by AABB revised guidelines 2016. The transfusion was considered inappropriate if it does not follow these guidelines. Results: The maximum packed red blood cells were transfused in the department of nephrology no 918 units (19.58 %) followed by department of CT surgery no 793 units (16.91 %) and department of General Medicine no 710 units (15.14 %).Maximum number of packed red blood cells were utilized for elective surgeries i.e. 1323 units (28.2 %) followed by malignancies 1012 (21.6%). Commonest indication in electric surgeries is for Percutaneous Nephro Lithotomy, where as in malignancies commonest indication being the acute myeloid leukemia. Conclusion: The overall prevalence rate of appropriate usage of packed RBC in our hospital is 62.4%, which is quite lower and also we found out increasing number of single unit transfusions which could have been avoided with proper implementation of guidelines. These retrospective studies are useful to identify the critical areas requiring intervention so that inappropriate usage of blood and components can be minimized

An Effective Automated Method for the Detection of Grids in DNA Microarray

Microarray is a technology which allows biologists to potentially monitor the activity of all the genes of an organism. Microarrays, widely recognized as the next revolution in molecular biology, enables scientists to analyze genes, proteins and other biological molecules on a genomic scale. Image processing is the first step in knowledge discovery from the microarray. The process of extracting features consists of three stages: gridding, segmentation and quantification. Gridding is to assign each spot with individual coordinates. This paper presents a fully automatic grid configuration algorithm for detecting the microarray image spots as input, and makes no assumptions about the size of the spots, and number of rows and columns in the grid. The approach is based on the detection of an optimum sub image. This method is capable of processing the image automatically and does not demand any input parameters. Experimental result shows that this method is highly efficient method of gridding that uses intensity projection profile

A retrospective analysis of donor deferral characteristics for plateletpheresis in a tertiary care hospital, South India

Background: There is an increasing demand for platelets in the recent years due to increase in cancer cases, dengue fever, and other platelet-related diseases. Blood bank plays a vital role in supplying platelet units which have better yield and fewer complications. Single donor platelet (SDP) unit is a useful platelet product in many diseases for raising the platelet count. For better yield, a healthy and young donor is required which is a great challenge for the blood bank staff. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out for a period of 4 years from January 2014 to December 2017. Data were collected from the records maintained by the Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Hyderabad, India. Results: Out of 860, a total of 705 Plateletpheresis donors were selected for SDP donation, and the remaining 155 (18.02%) donors were deferred for various reasons. The predominant age range of the deferred donors was 25–34 years (50.32%). Among the deferred donors, males were 90.32% and females were 9.68%. Temporarily deferred donors account for 98.07% and permanently deferred donors were 1.93%. The most common causes for deferral were low platelet count (31.61%), low hemoglobin (27.09%), and poor venous access (20.64%) and the least common cause was dermatitis at the venipuncture site (1.29%). The most common reason for permanent deferral was seropositivity for HBsAg. Conclusion: Selection of plateletpheresis donor with utmost stringency will give good yield of platelets. Temporary deferred donor should be counseled properly so as to encourage them for the future donations when they become eligible, and this bridges the gap between the demand and supply of apheresis platelets

Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Illegal Substance Abuse among Adolescents in Sri Lanka: Results from Sri Lankan Global School-Based Health Survey 2016

Background. Adolescence is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as “the transition period from childhood to adulthood”. Increases in autonomy during this period, willingness to experiment, and peer influence create an environment of taking high-risk decisions influencing adolescent health, such as substance abuse and smoking. The current study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumption, and illegal substance abuse and their determinants on in-school adolescents using data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey, Sri Lanka in 2016. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 3,650 students using a self-administered questionnaire in government schools. Weighted prevalence was calculated, and logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the correlates. Results. The prevalence of current alcohol, smoking, smokeless tobacco consumption, and substance abuse, 30 days before the survey, was 3.4% (95% CI 2.6 - 4.3), 3.6% (95% CI 2.5-5.0), 2.3% (95% CI 1.5-3.7), and 2.7% (95% CI - 1.7-4.2%). Male sex and involvement in physical fighting were independently associated with increased risk in all four substance categories assessed. Multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression revealed that only the male sex and involvement in physical fighting were correlates for four substance categories assessed when confounding effects of other variables were accounted for. Being in the 16-17 age category, parents’ tobacco use and seeing actors consuming alcohol on TV increased the risk of alcohol consumption, smoking, and smokeless tobacco. Having ever attempted suicide was positively associated with increased risk for alcohol consumption, smoking, and illegal substance abuse. Conclusion. Alcohol use, smoking, smokeless tobacco use, and illegal substance abuse by students remain a concern in Sri Lanka and implementing life skills-based interventions at schools is recommended

TEQIP - III Sponsored First International Conference on Innovations and Challenges in Computing, Analytics and Security

This book contains abstracts of the various research papers of the academic & research community presented at the International Conference on Innovations and Challenges in Computing, Analytics and Security (ICICCAS-2020). ICICCAS-2020 has served as a platform for researchers, professionals to meet and exchange ideas on computing, data analytics, and security. The conference has invited papers in seven main tracks of Data Science, Networking Technologies, Sequential, Parallel, Distributed and Cloud Computing, Advances in Software Engineering, Multimedia, Image Processing, and Embedded Systems, Security and Privacy, Special Track (IoT, Smart Technologies and Green Engineering). The Technical and Advisory Committee Members were from various countries that have rich Research and Academic experience. Conference Title: TEQIP - III Sponsored First International Conference on Innovations and Challenges in Computing, Analytics and SecurityConference Acronym: ICICCAS-2020Conference Date: 29-30 July 2020Conference Location: Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry – 605014, India (Virtual Mode)Conference Organizer: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Puducherry, India.Conference Sponsor: TEQIP-III NPIU (A Unit of the Ministry of Human Resource Development, India)