Putative secreted Lufaxin-like protein family from <i>Bichromomyia olmeca</i>.

<p>Putative secreted Lufaxin-like protein family from <i>Bichromomyia olmeca</i>.</p

Putative secreted Toxin-like salivary protein family from <i>Bichromomyia olmeca</i>.

<p>Putative secreted Toxin-like salivary protein family from <i>Bichromomyia olmeca</i>.</p

Putative secreted salivary Apyrase from <i>Bichromomyia olmeca</i>.

<p>Putative secreted salivary Apyrase from <i>Bichromomyia olmeca</i>.</p

Multiple sequence alignment and molecular phylogenetic analysis of the salivary sand fly ML domain protein family.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Multiple sequence alignment of the four different ML-domain-like proteins (LolMLa-d) identified from the <i>B</i>. <i>olmeca</i> salivary gland transcriptome with similar proteins described from <i>N</i>. <i>intermedia</i> (Linb29, 37 and 58), and ML1 from a frog bitting fly <i>Corethrella apppendiculata</i>. Black background shading represents identical amino acids. Grey background shading represents similar amino acids. <b>(B)</b> The phylogenetic tree depicts four different branches, three of which encompass ML domain orthologs in <i>B</i>. <i>olmeca</i> and <i>N</i>. <i>intermedia</i> and one such a clade containing the ML domain protein of the frog biting fly and the counterpart in <i>B</i>. <i>olmeca</i>. The evolutionary history was inferred based on the Whelan And Goldman model [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004771#pntd.0004771.ref062" target="_blank">62</a>]. Sand fly species are indicated by the different symbols in the legend on the right.</p

Evolutionary rate of salivary proteins in New World sand flies.

<p>The evolutionary properties of salivary proteins measured by <b>(A)</b> mean amino acid divergence (1—identity) and <b>(B)</b> the mean rate of non-synonymous over the rate of synonymous replacements (ω) of protein families unique to New World sand flies as well as the New World sand fly protein sequences shared with Old World sand flies.</p

Putative secreted ML domain salivary protein family from <i>Bichromomyia olmeca</i>.

<p>Putative secreted ML domain salivary protein family from <i>Bichromomyia olmeca</i>.</p

Multiple sequence alignment and molecular phylogenetic analysis of the sand fly RGD protein family.

<p>(<b>A)</b> Alignment of the LolRGD and the LolnoRGD identified from the <i>B</i>. <i>olmeca</i> salivary gland transcriptome. Black background shading represents identical amino acids. Grey background shading represents similar amino acids. Yellow background shading highlights the RGD motif. (<b>B</b>) The RGD protein phylogeny depicts three distinct branched, one encompassing <i>N</i>. <i>intermedia</i> sequences, another one including <i>Lu</i>. <i>longipalpis</i> and <i>Lu</i>. <i>ayacuchensis</i> proteins, and a third clade unique to <i>B</i>. <i>olmeca</i>, which includes the gene copy devoid of the RGD motif as well as the one containing such a motif. The evolutionary history was inferred based on the Whelan And Goldman model [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004771#pntd.0004771.ref062" target="_blank">62</a>]. Sand fly species are indicated by the different symbols in the legend on the right.</p

Salivary proteins shared by New and Old world sand flies.

<p>Salivary proteins shared by New and Old world sand flies.</p

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the salivary sand fly Yellow protein families.

<p>Phylogenetic tree shows a clear separation in distinct clades between the 42kDa and the 44kDa yellow protein. On the other hand, branches of yellow proteins tended to cluster together with branches containing their paralogs than orthologs, as clearly seem for the Old World sand fly sequences. The evolutionary history was inferred based on the Whelan and Goldman model [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004771#pntd.0004771.ref062" target="_blank">62</a>]. Sand fly species are indicated by different symbols and follow the legend on the right. Tree branches were color-coded so as to represent specific taxa: Green color represents Larroussius and Adlerius subgenera; Red color indicates the Euphlebotomus subgenus; Blue color points to proteins of the Phlebotomus and Paraphlebotomus subgenera; and Black color indicates the proteins belonging to New World sand flies. Sequences belonging to the 44kDa protein family are highlighted in bold.</p

Multiple sequence alignment and molecular phylogenetic analysis of the salivary sand fly Lufaxin-like protein family.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Multiple sequence alignment of the Lufaxin-like protein from <i>B</i>. <i>olmeca</i> (Lofaxin) and the Lufaxin-like proteins reported to date. <i>Lu</i>. <i>longipalpis</i> (Lufaxin), <i>Lu</i>. <i>ayacuchensis</i> (LayS26), <i>N</i>. <i>intermedia</i> (Linb-17), <i>P</i>. <i>argentipes</i> (PagSP05), <i>P</i>. <i>ariasi</i> (ParSP09), <i>P</i>. <i>tobbi</i> (PtSP66), <i>P</i>. <i>perniciosus</i> (PpeSP06), <i>P</i>. <i>arabicus</i> (PabSP32), <i>P</i>. <i>sergenti</i> (PsSP49), <i>P</i>. <i>papatasi</i> (PPTSP34), <i>P</i>. <i>duboscqi</i> (PduM04). Black background shading represents identical amino acids. Grey background shading represents similar amino acids. (<b>B</b>) The Lufaxin phylogeny depicts a clear separation of New World and Old World sand flies in different clades as well as the split of Lufaxin proteins belonging to divergent subgenera in distinct branches. The evolutionary history based on the JTT matrix-based model [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004771#pntd.0004771.ref063" target="_blank">63</a>]. Sand fly species are indicated by different symbols. Tree branches were color-coded so as to represent specific taxa: Green color represents the Larroussius and Adlerius subgenera; Red color indicates the Euphlebotomus subgenus; Blue color points to proteins of the Phlebotomus and Paraphlebotomus subgenera; and Black color indicates the proteins belonging to New World sand flies. (<b>C</b>) Alignment of Lufaxin from <i>Lu</i>. <i>longipalpis</i> with Lofaxin from saliva of <i>B</i>. <i>olmeca</i>. Black background shading represents identical amino acids. Grey background shading represents similar amino acids.</p