Additional file 3: of Research agenda-setting on cash programming for health and nutrition in humanitarian settings

‘Evidence reviews’. This sheet lists details of the evidence reviews used to triangulate the identified research areas. (XLSX 67 kb

Additional file 2: of Research agenda-setting on cash programming for health and nutrition in humanitarian settings

‘Research questions’. This document includes all consulted research questions for each of the 22 research categories. (DOCX 70 kb

Additional file 1: of Research agenda-setting on cash programming for health and nutrition in humanitarian settings

‘Online survey’. This file entails the final English survey used as main method of data collection. (DOCX 26 kb

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-fnb-10.1177_03795721231190203 - Trends and Determinants of Children’s Wasting and Women’s Thinness in Chad, 2015 to 2021

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-fnb-10.1177_03795721231190203 for Trends and Determinants of Children’s Wasting and Women’s Thinness in Chad, 2015 to 2021 by Sarah Adler, Eleonor Zavala, Edgar Wabyona, Martin Ahimbisibwe, Fanga Haisset and Shannon Doocy in Food and Nutrition Bulletin</p

Table_1_Temporal trends of food insecurity in Chad, 2016–2021.docx

IntroductionConsidering persistently high levels of poverty and food insecurity in Chad, this study examines food insecurity trends from 2016 to 2021 and identifies risk factors for food insecurity in 2020 and 2021.MethodsData from six cross-sectional Enquête Nationale sur la Securité Alimentaire (ENSA) surveys from 2016 to 2021 collected in rural areas were used. The linear regressions for food consumption score (FCS), reduced coping strategy index (rCSI), and livelihood coping strategy index (LCSI) and logistic regressions for “poor food consumption” were used to estimate the annual rate of change. Risk factor analysis was conducted with demographic, socio-economic, and pandemic-related economic indicators in univariate models, and subsequent multivariate models were used to produce adjusted odds ratios.ResultsAt a national level, there was a gradual decrease in FCS (1.16 points per year), an increase in LCSI (0.11 points), and an increase in the proportion of households with poor food consumption from 18.5% to 25.3% (1.55 percentage point) during 2016–2021; a similar trend for FCS and LCSI for worsened food insecurity was observed in the Sudanian zone. There was no significant change in rCSI during that time at the national level, but there was a reduction in the Saharan zone and an increasing trend in the Sahélian zone. Risk factors for poor food consumption in 2020–2021 included lower wealth status, a single income source, an illiterate household head, and Sahelian zone residence. The only characteristic significantly associated with increased coping mechanism use in both years was having a disabled household head.DiscussionThe results provide evidence of worsening food security in Chad in the past 6 years, both nationally and including the agricultural Sudanian zone. Food insecurity was consistently the highest in the Sahelian zone. While some risk factors for poor food consumption and diet-related coping mechanism use were consistent between 2020 and 2021, there were differences among other risk factors, likely a reflection of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. A strategic shift in humanitarian and development programming is required to mitigate the rise in food insecurity at the national and regional levels, with a particular emphasis on the Sahelian zone.</p

Health Service Utilization among Syrian Refugees with Chronic Health Conditions in Jordan

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>The influx of Syrian refugees into Jordan presents an immense burden to the Jordanian health system, particularly in treating chronic health conditions. This study was undertaken to assess utilization of health services for chronic health conditions among Syrian refugees in non-camp settings.</p><p>Methods</p><p>A survey of Syrian refugees in Jordan was undertaken in June 2014 to characterize health seeking behaviors and issues related to accessing care for hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, and arthritis. A cluster design with probability proportional to size sampling was used to attain a nationally representative sample of 1550 non-camp Syrian refugee households.</p><p>Results</p><p>Of 1363 cases with a chronic health condition diagnosis, 84.7% had received care in Jordan. Public facilities faced a heavy burden serving over half (53.9%) of care-seekers; the remainder received care in the private (29.6%) and NGO/charity (16.6%) sectors. Individuals with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the central region of Jordan and with arthritis had the lowest rates of care-seeking when compared to other regions and conditions. Overall, 31.6% of care-seekers had an out-of-pocket payment for the most recent care-seeking event which averaged 18.8 USD (median = 0 USD), excluding cost of medications.</p><p>Discussion</p><p>Forced displacement presents major challenges to those with NCDs, which have the potential to seriously impact both the quality of life and life expectancy amongst refugees. NCD patterns among Syrian refugees indicate the importance of continuing support to public sector services in Jordan to adequately meet expanding needs and ensure appropriate prevention and control of priority NCDs.</p></div

Payments for NCD Consultations in the Public and Private Sectors.

<p>Payments for NCD Consultations in the Public and Private Sectors.</p

Distribution of Study Clusters.

<p>Distribution of Study Clusters.</p

Care-Seeking for Chronic Health Conditions (n = 1,290)^a.

<p>Care-Seeking for Chronic Health Conditions (n = 1,290)<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0150088#t002fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p

Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Most Recent Chronic Disease Care Among Syrian Refugees in Jordan^a.

<p>Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Most Recent Chronic Disease Care Among Syrian Refugees in Jordan<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0150088#t003fn002" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p