Methomyl Insecticide and Domesticated Pollinators

Susceptibility to methomyl sprays was greatest for the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (F); least for the honey bee, Apis mellifera L.; and intermediate for the alkali bee, Nomia melanderi Cockerell. Methomyl at 1.12 kg (AI)/ha had low residual hazard to honey bees, and at 0.6 kg (AI)/ha it had low residual hazard to leafcutting and alkaki bees after one day. Field tests of methomyl on pollen-shedding corn, blooming red raspberry, and blooming blueberry resulted in reduced bee visitation and low adult bee mortality

Host plant preference and performance of the vine weevil Otiorhynchus sulcatus

1. The relationship between reproductive performance and preference for potential host plants of the vine weevil is investigated, as shown in tests on contact (or feeding) preference, presented herein, and tests on olfactory preference, published elsewhere. 2. Assessment of reproductive performance shows that the host-plant range of the adult vine weevil Otiorhynchus sulcatus in Europe is limited to one gymnosperm genus (Taxus sp.) and a broad range of angiosperm plants in two subclasses of the Dicotyledonae, namely Dilleniidae and Rosidae. The successful reproduction on very distantly related plant taxa suggests that the original weevil- and plant-habitat has mediated the current host-plant range of the vine weevil. 3. Contact-preference tests with equally suitable hosts, such as Aronia, Fragaria, Euonymus and Taxus, and one less suitable host, Humulus, indicate a mismatch between contact preference and performance and, as far as olfactory preferences are known, these match neither the contact preferences nor the performance. This mismatch may arise because (i) host plant species offered do not occur in weevil habitat in Europe (e.g. Aronia and the cultivated Fragaria come from North America) and (ii) predation (or disease) risks differ among host plants, thereby altering effective reproductive performance. 4. With respect to performance on novel hosts (Thuja, Prunus) and bad hosts (Rhododendron), some between-individual variation is found within a single population, suggesting that local populations harbour (possibly genetic) variation for adaptation to new hosts. How this variation is maintained in the face of strong selection pressures on local populations of flightless and thelytokous weevils, is an important question for understanding the broad host plant range in the vine weevi