Scale invariant correlations and the distribution of prime numbers

Negative correlations in the distribution of prime numbers are found to display a scale invariance. This occurs in conjunction with a nonstationary behavior. We compare the prime number series to a type of fractional Brownian motion which incorporates both the scale invariance and the nonstationary behavior. Interesting discrepancies remain. The scale invariance also appears to imply the Riemann hypothesis and we study the use of the former as a test of the latter.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, version to appear in J. Phys.

The Effectiveness of Dietary-Induced Ketogenesis on Cognition in Older Adults: A Scoping Review of the Literature

There is growing interest in the effect of dietary interventions in people living with memory impairment and delaying cognitive decline. Investigation of alterations in glucose metabolism and dietary-induced ketogenesis in older adults is a recent growing area of research. Ketone bodies are an important alternative energy source in the brain and may be beneficial to people developing or who already have memory impairment or those with Alzheimer’s disease. This scoping review aims to evaluate the available evidence on dietary-induced ketogenesis and its effect on cognition in older adults and the factors affecting feasibility of the dietary interventions to inform the design of future studies. The scoping review methodology explored the current knowledge about dietary interventions related to dietary-induced ketogenesis and cognition in older adults and identify gaps in the literature. Eleven dietary intervention studies included in the review demonstrated that both medium-chain triglyceride supplementation and ketogenic diets induce ketosis. Nine of these studies demonstrated that dietary-induced ketogenesis could lead to an improvement in cognitive functions, but the evidence remains inconclusive. Most of the included studies showed evidence to suggest that dietary-induced ketogenesis improves cognitive functions in older adults. However, the number of published papers is small and there were differences in the design and types of the dietary interventions (medium-chain triglyceride supplementation, ketogenic diet) along with high drop-out rates in some studies which limits the generalization of the findings. Although methodologies used in the studies vary, the findings warrant the need for further research with larger sample sizes in people at different stages of cognitive impairment, and to develop strategies to improve adherence to the intervention

Driven Morse Oscillator: Model for Multi-photon Dissociation of Nitrogen Oxide

Within a one-dimensional semi-classical model with a Morse potential the possibility of infrared multi-photon dissociation of vibrationally excited nitrogen oxide was studied. The dissociation thresholds of typical driving forces and couplings were found to be similar, which indicates that the results were robust to variations of the potential and of the definition of dissociation rate. PACS: 42.50.Hz, 33.80.WzComment: old paper, 8 pages 6 eps file

Induction motor’s rotor slot variation measurement using logistic regression

Rotor slots in induction motor expand due to thermal imbalance and create magnetic stress. Magnetic stress is a force that develops on the laminated surface of the rotor due to the curving or stretching magnetic flux. Traditional motor fault detection methods never measure magnetic stress on the rotor; a significant problem frequently arises in the motor. Magnetic stress is proportional to slot size variations in the rotor. High slot size variations on the laminated surface of the rotor lead to more curving and stretching magnetic flux and damage the rotor and stator, reducing their efficiency and induce harmonics. In this paper, the Average rotor Slot Size Variation (ASSV) in the rotor is predicted during the running condition of the motor through logistic regression. Logistic regression predicts ASSV by multimodal sensor signal sub-band energy values and measures rotor slot sizes from microscope images. Multimodal sensor signal is obtained from various sensors, such as vibration, temperature, current and Giant Magneto Resistance (GMR). Signal sub-band energy is obtained from Over complete Rational-Dilation Wavelet Transform (ORaDWT). From experimental results, ASSV is more than 75% from standard size, damaging the rotor and stator. The accuracy of ASSV prediction is about 92%

Bounds on second generation scalar leptoquarks from the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon

We calculate the contribution of second generation scalar leptoquarks to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon (AMMM). In the near future, E-821 at Brookhaven will reduce the experimental error on this parameter to $\Delta a_\mu^{\rm exp}<4\times 10^{-10}$, an improvement of 20 over its current value. With this new experimental limit we obtain a lower mass limit of $m_{\Phi_L}>186$\ GeV for the second generation scalar leptoquark, when its Yukawa-like coupling $\lambda_{\Phi_L}$\ to quarks and leptons is taken to be of the order of the electroweak coupling $g_2$.Comment: 5 pages, plain tex, 1 figure (not included available under request

The Neutrino Magnetic Moment Induced by Leptoquarks

Allowing leptoquarks to interact with both right-handed and left-handed neutrinos (i.e., ``non-chiral'' leptoquarks), we show that a non-zero neutrino magnetic moment can arise naturally. Although the mass of the non-chiral vector leptoquark that couples to the first generation fermions is constrained severely by universality of the $\pi^+$ leptonic decays and is found to be greater than 50 TeV, the masses of the second and third generation non-chiral vector leptoquarks may evade such constraint and may in general be in the range of $1\sim 100$ TeV. With reasonable input mass and coupling values, we find that the neutrino magnetic moment due to the second generation leptoquarks is of the order of $10^{-12}\sim 10^{-16} \mu_{\rm B}$ while that caused by the third generation leptoquarks, being enhanced significantly by the large top quark mass, is in the range of $10^{-10}\sim 10^{-14} \mu_{\rm B}$.Comment: 11 pages, 3 eps figures, uses revte

Trapping dust particles in the outer regions of protoplanetary disks

In order to explain grain growth to mm sized particles and their retention in outer regions of protoplanetary disks, as it is observed at sub-mm and mm wavelengths, we investigate if strong inhomogeneities in the gas density profiles can slow down excessive radial drift and can help dust particles to grow. We use coagulation/fragmentation and disk-structure models, to simulate the evolution of dust in a bumpy surface density profile which we mimic with a sinusoidal disturbance. For different values of the amplitude and length scale of the bumps, we investigate the ability of this model to produce and retain large particles on million years time scales. In addition, we introduced a comparison between the pressure inhomogeneities considered in this work and the pressure profiles that come from magnetorotational instability. Using the Common Astronomy Software Applications ALMA simulator, we study if there are observational signatures of these pressure inhomogeneities that can be seen with ALMA. We present the favorable conditions to trap dust particles and the corresponding calculations predicting the spectral slope in the mm-wavelength range, to compare with current observations. Finally we present simulated images using different antenna configurations of ALMA at different frequencies, to show that the ring structures will be detectable at the distances of the Taurus Auriga or Ophiucus star forming regions.Comment: Pages 15, Figures 14. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic

Is it still worth searching for lepton flavor violation in rare kaon decays?

Prospective searches for lepton flavor violation (LFV) in rare kaon decays at the existing and future intermediate-energy accelerators are considered. The proposed studies are complementary to LFV searches in muon-decay experiments and offer a unique opportunity to probe models with approximately conserved fermion-generation quantum number with sensitivity superior to that in other processes. Consequently, new searches for LFV in kaon decays are an important and independent part of the general program of searches for lepton flavor violation in the final states with charged leptons.Comment: 30 pages, 10 figures. An extended version of the talk given at the Chicago Flavor Seminar, February 27, 2004. In the new version some misprints were corrected and some new data for LFV-processes were added. The main content of the paper was not changed. The paper is published in Yad. Fiz. 68, 1272 (2005

A Natural Framework for Solar and 17 keV Neutrinos

Motivated by recent experimental claims for the existence of a 17 keV neutrino and by the solar neutrino problem, we construct a class of models which contain in their low-energy spectrum a single light sterile neutrino and one or more Nambu-Goldstone bosons. In these models the required pattern of breaking of lepton-number symmetry takes place near the electroweak scale and all mass heirarchies are technically natural. The models are compatible with all cosmological and astrophysical constraints, and can solve the solar neutrino problem via either the MSW effect or vacuum oscillations. The deficit in atmospheric muon neutrinos seen in the Kamiokande and IMB detectors can also be explained in these models.Comment: 23 page

Constraints on a Massive Dirac Neutrino Model

We examine constraints on a simple neutrino model in which there are three massless and three massive Dirac neutrinos and in which the left handed neutrinos are linear combinations of doublet and singlet neutrinos. We examine constraints from direct decays into heavy neutrinos, indirect effects on electroweak parameters, and flavor changing processes. We combine these constraints to examine the allowed mass range for the heavy neutrinos of each of the three generations.Comment: latex, 29 pages, 7 figures (not included), MIT-CTP-221