Oral Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia-A Case Report

Oral Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (OPVL), an aggressive and rare form of leukoplakia, is a long term progressive condition which in the initial stages starts as a harmless benign lesion. Eventually it may progress over a period of time to become multifocal, exophytic and malignant. This stumper of a disease, ambiguous in etiology, diagnosis and management poses a challenge to the clinician and the pathologist. This lesion is refractory to treatment and more often than not, recurs. In this article, we describe a case that possibly may have represented an OPVL

Clinical efficacy of Kapha Ketu Rasa on Tamaka Swasa

Context: Compound drugs are scientifically formulated aiming to get the desired therapeutic effects through synergy. Kapha Ketu Rasa is one such compound drug which is a classical herbo mineral marine Khalvi Rasayana judicially containing Shankha Bhasma, Vatsanabha, Tankana and Pippali. Treating GERD along with the treatment of bronchial asthma will enhance the clinical success rate. At this juncture, it is worth to notice the pharmacology of Kapha Ketu Rasa in the same perspective. Aims: To study the clinical effect of Kapha Ketu Rasa on Tamaka Swasa (Bronchial asthma). Materials and Methods: 30 Patients of Tamaka Swasa irrespective of age, sex, religion etc., were randomly selected and treated with 125 mg of Kapha Ketu Rasa capsules twice a day with Ardraka Swarasa before meals for 21 days, then followed for 21 more days. Results: The clinical study showed statistically highly significant improvement in both subjective and objective parameters viz. Kasa (91%), Ghurghurata (83%) and Swasakruchrata (82%) including decrease in AEC, ESR, Differential eosinophil count and PEF was also statistically significantly improved. Conclusions: Kapha Ketu Rasa is an effective Vyadhi Pratyanika herbo mineral Shamana Rasayana in the management of Tamaka Swasa

Myxoma of mandible – A case report with literature review

The odontogenic myxoma is an infiltrative benign tumor of bone that occurs almost exclusively in the jawbones and comprises 3% to 6% of odontogenic tumors. This neoplasm is mesenchymal and the myxomatous component is gelatinous in nature. Odontogenic epithelium may occur occasionally in the stroma. Although benign the odontogenic myxoma can cause considerable local destruction. An odontogenic myxoma occuring in the anterior mandible of an 18 year old male is reported here with literature review

Florid Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia - A dilemma to intervene or not?!

Florid cemento - osseous dysplasia (FCOD) is a benign, non-neoplastic lesion characterized by multiple sclerosing masses within the jaw bones. We present an uncommon case of FCOD in a 37-year-old Indian woman incidentally discovered on a radiograph. She presented with bilaterally symmetrical lesions of variable radiodensities in the posterior mandible. In this asymptomatic case, the diagnosis of FCOD was made radiologically as biopsy is contraindicated. No treatment was imparted as the lesions were asymptomatic and the patient continues to be reviewed annually. The rationale of the present work is to describe this uncommon entity with only eleven reported cases noted in the literature amongst Indians. The case is unusual in its combination of the disease itself (FCOD) and the race (Indian). The confirmative role of radiography without histopathological evaluation and the need for no intervention is emphasized.   &nbsp

Periodontal Management of Non Healing Endodontic Lesion– A Case Report

The fact that the periodontium is anatomically interrelated with the dental pulp by virtue of apical foramina and lateral canals creates pathways for exchange of noxious agents between the two tissue compartments when either or both of the tissues are diseased. Proper diagnosis of the various disorders affecting the periodontium and the pulp is important to exclude unnecessary and even detrimental treatment. This is a clinical case report of an enododontic–periodontic lesion in relation to lower left central incisor. Root canal treatment has been done with the respected tooth six months ago, but the lesion showed no sign of healing resulting in draining sinus and increasing pocket depth. Radiographic examination revealed over-obturation of gutta-percha with peri-radicular pathology. Periodontal flap surgery was performed and the defect was filled with bone graft mixed with Platelet rich plasma (PRP) and covered by platelet rich fibrin (PRF). Patient reviewed for six months which showed uneventful healing and no recurrence of the lesion

Quackery in Dentistry –An Uncurbed Menace

Lack of awareness of dentistry & dearth of dental professionals in rural areas clubbed with the high charges of treatment impels the poor segments of the society to go to unqualified persons, known as quacks to procure dental treatment. Malpractice and a breach in professional ethics have been in practice since ages & remain unchecked in various parts of the globe. This has led to an upsurge in the number of mistreated and misdiagnosed cases. This growing menace of quackery needs to be curbed at the earliest for the welfare of our patients and the society. &nbsp

Primary Tuberculous Lymphadenitis mimicking a Dental infection - A Dental Perspective

Lymphadenitis is a common extra pulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis. Diagnosis is often challenging frequently requiring a biopsy. A case of tuberculous lymphadenitis is presented here with histological emphasis with a message that dentists need to be aware of it as a differential diagnosis even in the absence of classical signs and symptoms of tuberculosis. &nbsp

Effect of ethanol extracts from Shorea robusta (Dipterocapaceae) bark in paracetamol induced liver damage in rats

The Hepato protective Activity of the ethanol extract of Shorea robusta was investigated against paracetamol induced hepatic damage. Paracetamol at the dose of 3gm/ kg produced liver damages in rats manifested by the significant (p<0.0005) rise in the level of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, (159.3 ± 3.637; 143.1 ± 1.215; 347.6 ±15.42) compare to with respective control values (51.85 ± 1.527; 26.65 ± 1.095; 84 ± 9.824) respectively. Pre-treatment of rats with the plant extracts 200mg /kg, 400mg/kg and standard (Silymarin 50 mg/ kg) lowered significantly (p<0005) respective serum (SGOT to 92.06±2.473 & 73.97 ±; SGPT to 64.12 ± 2.27 & 45.22 ± 0; ALP to 7814;  195.8 ±13.22 & 168.00±10.16) respectively. It also shows in the reduction of cholesterol and total bilirubin respect to the paracetamol toxicity. In case of total protein paracetamol treated group decrease the total protein content, pre treatment with the plant extracts and silymarine there is an elevation of total protein contents.  Histopathology of the liver cell shows less damages in the hepatic cell compare to the paracetamol treated group.  On the basis of the investigation we may partially conclude that S.robusta can use to damage hepatic cell injury

Esthetic Crown Lengthening: Theoretical Concepts and Clinical Procedures

Esthetic crown lengthening employs gingival tissue reduction with or without osseous surgery for tooth exposure. Central incisor is the dominant component in the anterior dental composition, with ideal height to width ratio of 10:8, and accordingly the gingival zenith for lateral and canine is adjusted. In this article we are showing three cases of crown lengthening done by calculating the height to width ratio. In first case gingivectomy is required for the crown height. In second case modified Widman flap is done to get desired result, and in third case apically displaced flap with osseous reduction is done.  &nbsp

Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in carcinomas and sarcomas affecting the oral cavity

Context: Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is a cytoplasmic enzyme which plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of oral carcinomas and sarcomas. Aims: The objective of this study was to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of iNOS in carcinomas and sarcomas affecting the oral cavity in order to understand the possible role of iNOS in their biologic behavior and to correlate iNOS expression with lymph node metastasis in carcinomas and sarcomas. Settings and Design: Patients, who attended the oral diagnosis department of Vinayaka Missions Sankarachariyar Dental College, were screened, for the purpose of the study. Besides these, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were also retrieved from archives of the Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department. A total of 40 cases (20 carcinomas and 20 sarcomas) were selected for the study. Subjects and Methods: A total of 40 cases (20 carcinomas and 20 sarcomas) were selected for the study. Five apparently normal tissues were obtained from the tumor adjacent normal tissue to be used as a control. These were subjected to immunohistochemical staining using antibody to iNOS and evaluated. Statistical Analysis Used: The results were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results: Among the 20 carcinomas 19 showed a positive immunoreactivity for iNOS and 1 case was negative. Among the 19 immunopositive iNOS cases of carcinomas, 15 cases showed positive lymph node metastasis. Among the sarcomas, positive immunoreactivity for iNOS was seen in 10 hard tissue sarcomas, while the remaining 10 soft tissue sarcomas were negative for iNOS expression. The results were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Conclusions: iNOS is a reliable marker for lymph node metastasis in carcinomas irrespective of the histologic grade. The high expression in carcinomas shows that the carcinomas elaborate more angiogenesis for growth compared with the sarcomas with the exception of hard tissue sarcomas