Robust Latent Common Subspace Learning for Transferable Feature Representation

This paper proposes a novel robust latent common subspace learning (RLCSL) method by integrating low-rank and sparse constraints into a joint learning framework. Specifically, we transform the data from source and target domains into a latent common subspace to perform the data reconstruction, i.e., the transformed source data is used to reconstruct the transformed target data. We impose joint low-rank and sparse constraints on the reconstruction coefficient matrix which can achieve following objectives: (1) the data from different domains can be interlaced by using the low-rank constraint; (2) the data from different domains but with the same label can be aligned together by using the sparse constraint. In this way, the new feature representation in the latent common subspace is discriminative and transferable. To learn a suitable classifier, we also integrate the classifier learning and feature representation learning into a unified objective and thus the high-level semantics label (data label) is fully used to guide the learning process of these two tasks. Experiments are conducted on diverse data sets for image, object, and document classifications, and encouraging experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms some state-of-the-arts methods

Robust Latent Common Subspace Learning for Transferable Feature Representation

This paper proposes a novel robust latent common subspace learning (RLCSL) method by integrating low-rank and sparse constraints into a joint learning framework. Specifically, we transform the data from source and target domains into a latent common subspace to perform the data reconstruction, i.e., the transformed source data is used to reconstruct the transformed target data. We impose joint low-rank and sparse constraints on the reconstruction coefficient matrix which can achieve following objectives: (1) the data from different domains can be interlaced by using the low-rank constraint; (2) the data from different domains but with the same label can be aligned together by using the sparse constraint. In this way, the new feature representation in the latent common subspace is discriminative and transferable. To learn a suitable classifier, we also integrate the classifier learning and feature representation learning into a unified objective and thus the high-level semantics label (data label) is fully used to guide the learning process of these two tasks. Experiments are conducted on diverse data sets for image, object, and document classifications, and encouraging experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms some state-of-the-arts methods

Aberrant Frequency of IL-10-Producing B Cells and Its Association with Treg/Th17 in Adult Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia Patients

Background. Regulatory B cells (Breg) are a distinct B cell subset with immunoregulatory properties. Pivotal to Breg function is interleukin-10. This study was to investigate the role of IL-10-producing B cell (B10) and its association with Treg and Th17 subsets in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients. Methods. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from ITP patients and controls were stimulated with PMA, ionomycin, and Brefeldin A. The frequencies of CD19+IL-10+ B cells, CD3+CD4+IL-17+ Th17 cells, and CD4+CD25hiFoxp3+ Treg cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of Foxp3 and RORγt was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Results. The number of B10 cells was elevated in ITP patients. After first-line therapies, it remained at high level in patients who achieved complete or partial response but decreased in those who acquired no response. There was a positive correlation between B10 cells and Tregs in ITP both before and after therapies. The ratio of Treg/Th17 decreased in ITP, and it strongly correlated with B10 cells. Conclusions. The frequency of B10 cells is elevated in ITP and it correlates with both the Tregs counts and the Treg/Th17 ratio. B10 cells to regulate functional T cell subsets might be impaired in patients with ITP

The ratio of Treg/Th17 cells correlates with the disease activity of primary immune thrombocytopenia.

BACKGROUND: Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune heterogeneous disorder that is characterized by decreased platelet count. Regulatory T (Treg) cells and T helper type 17 (Th17) cells are two subtypes of CD4(+) T helper (Th) cells. They play opposite roles in immune tolerance and autoimmune diseases, while they share a common differentiation pathway. The imbalance of Treg/Th17 has been demonstrated in several autoimmune diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the ratio of the number of Treg cells to the number of Th17 cells in ITP patients and evaluate the clinical implications of the alterations in this ratio. METHODS: Thirty adult patients with newly diagnosed ITP enrolled in this study. Twelve patients had been clinically followed up for 12 months. The percentages of CD4(+)CD25(hi)Foxp3(+) Treg cells and CD3(+)CD4(+)IL-17-producing Th17 cells in these patients and healthy controls (n = 17) were longitudinally analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The percentage of Treg cells in ITP patients was significantly lower than that of healthy controls, and the percentage of Th17 cells increased significantly at disease onset. The ratio of Treg/Th17 correlated with the disease activity. CONCLUSION: The ratio of Treg/Th17 might be relevant to the clinical diversity of ITP patients, and this Treg/Th17 ratio might have prognostic role in ITP patients

Membrane-Bound EMC10 Is Required for Sperm Motility via Maintaining the Homeostasis of Cytoplasm Sodium in Sperm

Endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex subunit 10 (EMC10) is an evolutionarily conserved and multifunctional factor across species. We previously reported that Emc10 knockout (KO) leads to mouse male infertility. Emc10-null spermatozoa exhibit multiple aspects of dysfunction, including reduced sperm motility. Two subunits of a Na/K-ATPase, ATP1A4 and ATP1B3, are nearly absent in Emc10 KO spermatozoa. Here, two isoforms of EMC10 were characterized in the mouse testis and epididymis: the membrane-bound (mEMC10) and secreted (scEMC10) isoforms. We present evidence that mEMC10, rather than scEMC10, is required for cytoplasm sodium homeostasis by positively regulating ATP1B3 expression in germ cells. Intra-testis mEMC10 overexpression rescued the sperm motility defect caused by Emc10 KO, while exogenous recombinant scEMC10 protein could not improve the motility of spermatozoa from either Emc10 KO mouse or asthenospermic subjects. Clinically, there is a positive association between ATP1B3 and EMC10 protein levels in human spermatozoa, whereas no correlation was proven between seminal plasma scEMC10 levels and sperm motility. These results highlight the important role of the membrane-bound EMC10 isoform in maintaining cytoplasm sodium homeostasis and sperm motility. Based on the present results, the mEMC10-Na, K/ATPase α4β3 axis is proposed as a novel mechanism underlying the regulation of cytoplasmic sodium and sperm motility, and its components seem to have therapeutic potential for asthenospermia

Comparisons of multiple parameters at diagnosis between CR and NR patients.

<p>CR: complete response; NR: no response.</p

Comparisons of multiple parameters in different groups.

<p>RT: ITP patients requiring treatment; OB: observation ITP patients;</p

Clinical parameters of Long-term follow-up patients.

<p>RT: ITP patients requiring treatment; OB: observation ITP patients;</p

Treg/Th17 balance of ITP patients skewed toward Th17.

<p>A. Representative dot plots of Treg cells (CD4⁺CD25^hiFoxp3⁺ cells) in NC, OB and RT group. B. Representative dot plots of Th17 cells (CD3⁺CD4⁺IL-17⁺ cells) in NC, OB and RT group. C. The mean ± SD of the percentage of Treg cells in different group. D. The mean ± SD of the percentage of Th17 cells in different group. E. The mean ± SD of the Treg/Th17 ratio in different group. <i>p</i> value was shown in the figure. NC: normal control; OB: observation ITP patients; RT: ITP patients requiring treatment.</p