An asymmetric bisquare regression for mixed cyberattack-resilient load forecasting

Load forecasting can effectively reduce the operating costs of the power industry, while attacks on the load can lead to inaccurate forecasts. In the existing reports, the robust regression method can potentially alleviate the interference of the attack for load forecasting. However, most current existing methods can handle the data under symmetric attacks, which are not effective in data under asymmetric attacks. In this paper, an asymmetric robust regression method (asymmetric bisquare regression) is proposed for mixed cyberattack-resilient load forecasting. Instead of the symmetric bisquare loss function, in the asymmetric bisquare loss function, two tuning parameters are introduced to control the impacts from negative and positive attacks, respectively. Particularly, the two tuning parameters can be adaptively estimated according to the proportion of attack type. Finally, we demonstrate that the asymmetric robust regression method is superior to all considered robust statistical regression methods through a comparative study of mixed cyberattack-resilient load forecasting.</p

The Umbrella Type Canopy Increases Tolerance to Abiotic Stress-Leaf Microenvironment Temperature and Tropospheric Ozone in &lsquo;Chambourcin&rsquo;

This study reports on the effect of the vertical shoot type canopy (VST) and umbrella type canopy (UT) on the fruit region microenvironment, light interception, tropospheric ozone, and berry quality of vertical trellis &lsquo;Chambourcin&rsquo;. The real-time temperature and humidity fluctuation and the daily average temperature of the UT canopy were lower than that of the VST canopy. An extremely high temperature was recorded around the fruit region of the VST canopy. Notably, the UT canopy significantly increased light interception and leaf area index and reduced the damage of atmospheric ozone to the leaves. These phenomena increased the content of soluble solids, anthocyanins, total phenols, flavonoids, and flavanols in the mature fruits of the UT canopy more than in the VST canopy. In conclusion, the UT canopy saves shoot management labor and improves the fruit region&rsquo;s microenvironment and the content of anthocyanins, total phenols, flavonoids, and flavanols

An efficient DBSCAN optimized by arithmetic optimization algorithm with opposition-based learning

As unsupervised learning algorithm, clustering algorithm is widely used in data processing field. Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise algorithm (DBSCAN), as a common unsupervised learning algorithm, can achieve clusters via finding high-density areas separated by low-density areas based on cluster density. Different from other clustering methods, DBSCAN can work well for any shape clusters in the spatial database and can effectively cluster exceptional data. However, in the employment of DBSCAN, the parameters, EPS and MinPts, need to be preset for different clustering object, which greatly influences the performance of the DBSCAN. To achieve automatic optimization of parameters and improve the performance of DBSCAN, we proposed an improved DBSCAN optimized by arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) with opposition-based learning (OBL) named OBLAOA-DBSCAN. In details, the reverse search capability of OBL is added to AOA for obtaining proper parameters for DBSCAN, to achieve adaptive parameter optimization. In addition, our proposed OBLAOA optimizer is compared with standard AOA and several latest meta heuristic algorithms based on 8 benchmark functions from CEC2021, which validates the exploration improvement of OBL. To validate the clustering performance of the OBLAOA-DBSCAN, 5 classical clustering methods with 10 real datasets are chosen as the compare models according to the computational cost and accuracy. Based on the experimental results, we can obtain two conclusions: (1) the proposed OBLAOA-DBSCAN can provide highly accurately clusters more efficiently; and (2) the OBLAOA can significantly improve the exploration ability, which can provide better optimal parameters

‘Miguang’ Grape Response to Pergola and Single-Curtain Training Systems

Background and Aims: Grapevine shoot growth and light utilization are typically adjusted through the use of canopy management strategies that are adapted to the local climate. In this study, we analyze the effects of a pergola (PER) and single-curtain training system (SCT) on the microclimate, light interception, photosynthetic capacity, and assimilate distribution of ‘Miguang’ grape in a rainy region of China. Methods and Results: We measured light interception, spectral absorptance, leaf area, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, soluble sugar and starch content per cane, assimilate distribution berry weight, soluble solids, and titratable acid content. SCT produced a higher photosynthetic photon flux density in the cluster region, a canopy light absorptance in the 450–800 nm wavelength range, higher chlorophyll content, and larger leaf area of the middle node leaves. It produced lower basal and top leaves leaf areas. At berry expansion (E-L-31) and veraison (E-L-35), the net photosynthetic capacity of the leaves from the base to the middle nodes was higher with SCT than with the PER, and the net photosynthetic capacity of leaves near the top was reduced with SCT. At the harvest period, the net photosynthetic rate of the middle and top node leaves and the shoot photosynthetic rate were higher with SCT than with the PER. The distribution of assimilates to the fruit was higher with SCT. In addition, SCT produced a higher shoot soluble sugar and lower internode length from the fourth to sixth nodes, and it produced a higher shoot starch content and internode diameter in the fourth internode. Conclusions: SCT significantly improved photosynthetic photon flux density in the cluster, promoted assimilate distribution to fruit, decreased vegetative growth, increased chlorophyll content, increased the leaf size of the middle node on the primary shoot, and increased shoot soluble sugar from the fourth to sixth nodes. Significance of this Study: The results of this study can provide a relevant theoretical basis and technical support for grape canopy management

Cathelicidin peptide analogues inhibit EV71 infection through blocking viral entry and uncoating.

Given the serious neurological complications and deaths associated with enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection, there is an urgent need to develop effective antivirals against this viral infection. In this study, we demonstrated that two Cathelicidin-derived peptides, LL-18 and FF-18 were more potent against EV71 infection than the parent peptide LL-37, which is the mature and processed form of Cathelicidin. These peptides could directly bind to the EV71 virus particles, but not to coxsackievirus, indicative of their high specificity. The binding of peptides with the virus surface occupied the viral canyon region in a way that could block virus-receptor interactions and inhibit viral uncoating. In addition, these peptide analogues could also relieve the deleterious effect of EV71 infection in vivo. Therefore, Cathelicidin-derived peptides might be excellent candidates for further development of antivirals to treat EV71 infection

Improved prediction of local significant wave height by considering the memory of past winds

Wave and water depth were measured with an instrumented tripod in the Yellow River Delta from 9 December 2014 to 29 April 2015. Concurrent wind data were also collected from a nearby wind station. A high-precision model for predicting local significant wave height (Hs) with wind speed (vw) is constructed using an improved data-driven approach. The proposed model realized high accuracy as it solves the problem that the Hs falls too fast during the wind-decreasing periods. It was tackled by considering the remaining influence of historical vw on the present Hs via incorporating a memory curve of the past wind effect. This innovative approach significantly improves the prediction (R2 from 0.60 to 0.83). The winds in the past 24 hr still left an influence on the waves at the observation site although the influence decreases with time. Physically, it is an implicit but simpler consideration of wind fetch/duration. Further data modeling experiments indicated that the decisive factor for the Hs at the site is the wind speed. Wind directions slightly improve the prediction, indicating that waves are slightly affected by the underwater seabed slope along different wind directions, and northwest winds cause the strongest waves at the site. Adding atmospheric pressure or water depth even reduces the accuracy, which indicated that storm surges and wave deformations under different tide levels have a weak impact on Hs. The proposed local wave model can be easily constructed with available wind and wave data, making it expandable to other regions dominated by wind waves

LL-18 binds directly to virus particles.

(A) RD cells were pre-incubated with indicated amounts of LL-18, FF-18, DL-37, or LL-37 for 2 hrs before they were washed extensively to remove unbound peptides. Cells were then infected with the EV71 virus (MOI = 1) and cell viability was determined 24 h.p.i. Values were normalized to uninfected RD cells. ***, P1H NMR spectra of FF-18 peptide in the absence or presence of EV71 virus (green line) or CVB5 virus (red line). (TIF)</p

LL-18 interferes with virus-SCARB2 interaction.

(A) Molecular docking model of LL-18 with EV71 virion. EV71 capsid proteins VP1 (green), VP2 (pink), and VP3(blue), all interact with LL-18 displayed in red sticks (left panel). The amino acid residues of capsid protein interacting with both LL-18 and SCARB2 are indicated (right panel). (B) 293T cells expressing SCARB2-Flag were lysed and cell lysates were incubated with EV71 virus in the absence or presence of the indicated amount of LL-18. Cell lysates were then immunoprecipitated with anti-Flag antibody and the precipitated virus was determined with anti-VP1 antibody. (C) 293T cells expressing Annexin 2-Flag were lysed and cell lysates were incubated with EV71 virus in the absence or presence of LL-18. Cell lysates were then immunoprecipitated with anti-Flag antibody and the precipitated virus was determined with anti-VP1 antibody.</p

LL-18 and FF-18 inhibit EV71 infection at the early stages of infection.

(A-B) NanoLuc-EV71 reporter virus (A) or EV71 virus (MOI = 1, B) was pre-incubated with 1.5 μM LL-18 or FF-18 for 1 hr before they were used to infect RD cells. Luciferase (A) or viral RNA (B) was determined at indicated time points. Viral RNAs were normalized to mock treated cells at 1 h.p.i. ***, P<0.001. (C-E) EV71 virus (MOI = 1) was either pre-incubated with 1.5 μM LL-18 before infection (-2 and -1 time points), added simultaneously with LL-18 (0 time point) or LL-18 was added at indicated time points post-infection (1, 2, 4, 7 time points) and viral VP1 expression (C), cell viability (D), or viral titer (E) was determined 24 h.p.i. ns, not significant; **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001. (F-H) EV71 virus (MOI = 1) was either pre-incubated with 1.5 μM FF-18 before infection (-2 and -1 time points), added simultaneously with FF-18 (0 time point) or FF-18 was added at indicated time points post-infection (1, 2, 4, 7 time points) and viral VP1 expression (F), cell viability (G), or viral titer (H) was determined 24 h.p.i. ns, not significant; **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001.</p