An integrated online adaptive state of charge estimation approach of high-power lithium-ion battery packs.

A novel online adaptive state of charge (SOC) estimation method is proposed, aiming to characterize the capacity state of all the connected cells in lithium-ion battery (LIB) packs. This method is realized using the extended Kalman filter (EKF) combined with Ampere-hour (Ah) integration and open circuit voltage (OCV) methods, in which the time-scale implementation is designed to reduce the computational cost and accommodate uncertain or time-varying parameters. The working principle of power LIBs and their basic characteristics are analysed by using the combined equivalent circuit model (ECM), which takes the discharging current rates and temperature as the core impacts, to realize the estimation. The original estimation value is initialized by using the Ah integral method, and then corrected by measuring the cell voltage to obtain the optimal estimation effect. Experiments under dynamic current conditions are performed to verify the accuracy and the real-time performance of this proposed method, the analysed result of which indicates that its good performance is in line with the estimation accuracy and real-time requirement of high-power LIB packs. The proposed multimodel SOC estimation method may be used in the real-time monitoring of the high-power LIB pack dynamic applications for working state measurement and control

Adsorption-controlled growth of La-doped BaSnO3 by molecular-beam epitaxy

Epitaxial La doped BaSnO3 films were grown in an adsorption controlled regime by molecular beam epitaxy, where the excess volatile SnOx desorbs from the film surface. A film grown on a (001) DyScO3 substrate exhibited a mobility of 183 cm^2 V^-1 s^-1 at room temperature and 400 cm^2 V^-1 s^-1 at 10 K, despite the high concentration (1.2x10^11 cm^-2) of threading dislocations present. In comparison to other reports, we observe a much lower concentration of (BaO)2 Ruddlesden Popper crystallographic shear faults. This suggests that in addition to threading dislocations that other defects possibly (BaO)2 crystallographic shear defects or point defects significantly reduce the electron mobility

First-principles lattice dynamics, thermodynamics, and elasticity of Cr 2 O 3

We present the calculation of the lattice dynamics of chromia (Cr 2 O 3 ), a typical Mott-Hubbard insulator, employing the first-principles density functional theory plus U approach. We first report the phonon dispersions at the theoretical equilibrium volume. Then the phonon density-of-states is calculated as a function of volume. Finally, the atomic volume, heat capacity, linear thermal expansion coefficient, bulk modulus, Grüneisen constant, and elastic constants are calculated as functions of temperature

Adsorption-controlled growth of La-doped BaSnO3 by molecular-beam epitaxy

Epitaxial La-doped BaSnO3 films were grown in an adsorption-controlled regime by molecular-beam epitaxy, where the excess volatile SnOx desorbs from the film surface. A film grown on a (001) DyScO3 substrate exhibited a mobility of 183 cm2 V-1 s-1 at room temperature and 400 cm2 V-1 s-1 at 10 K despite the high concentration (1.2 × 1011 cm-2) of threading dislocations present. In comparison to other reports, we observe a much lower concentration of (BaO)2 Ruddlesden-Popper crystallographic shear faults. This suggests that in addition to threading dislocations, other defects - possibly (BaO)2 crystallographic shear defects or point defects - significantly reduce the electron mobility

Self-assembly of virus-like particles of porcine circovirus type 2 capsid protein expressed from <it>Escherichia coli</it>

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is a serious problem to the swine industry and can lead to significant negative impacts on profitability of pork production. Syndrome associated with PCV2 is known as porcine circovirus closely associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). The capsid (Cap) protein of PCV2 is a major candidate antigen for development of recombinant vaccine and serological diagnostic method. The recombinant Cap protein has the ability to self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs) <it>in vitro</it>, it is particularly opportunity to develop the PV2 VLPs vaccine in <it>Escherichia coli</it>,(<it>E.coli </it>), because where the cost of the vaccine must be weighed against the value of the vaccinated pig, when it was to extend use the VLPs vaccine of PCV2.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this report, a highly soluble Cap-tag protein expressed in <it>E.coli </it>was constructed with a p-SMK expression vector with a fusion tag of small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO). The recombinant Cap was purified using Ni²⁺affinity resins, whereas the tag was used to remove the SUMO protease. Simultaneously, the whole native Cap protein was able to self-assemble into VLPs <it>in vitro </it>when viewed under an electron microscope. The Cap-like particles had a size and shape that resembled the authentic Cap. The result could also be applied in the large-scale production of VLPs of PCV2 and could be used as a diagnostic antigen or a potential VLP vaccine against PCV2 infection in pigs.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>we have, for the first time, utilized the SUMO fusion motif to successfully express the entire authentic Cap protein of PCV2 in <it>E. coli</it>. After the cleavage of the fusion motif, the nCap protein has the ability to self-assemble into VLPs, which can be used as as a potential vaccine to protect pigs from PCV2-infection.</p

Phonon dispersions in random alloys: a method based on special quasi-random structure force constants Phonon dispersions in random alloys: a method based on special quasi-random structure force constants

Abstract In an attempt to obtain reliable first-principles phonon dispersions of random alloys, we have developed a method to calculate the dynamical matrix, with respect to the wavevector space of the ideal lattice, by averaging over the force constants of a special quasi-random structure. Without additional approximations beyond standard density functional theory, the present scheme takes into account the local atomic position relaxations, the composition disorder, and the force constant disorder in a random alloy. Numerical results are presented for disordered Cu 3 Au, FePd, and NiPd and good agreement between the calculations and the inelastic neutron scattering data is observed