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Characteristics of the study group and healthy subjects.

<p>GFR, glomerular filtration rate; AST, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase; ALT, glutamate pyruvate transaminase; L-FABP, liver-type fatty acid-binding protein; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; KIM-1, kidney injury molecule-1; NAG, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase; RBC, red blood cells; WBC, white blood cells.</p><p>Characteristics of the study group and healthy subjects.</p

Distribution of biomarker levels in the deteriorated renal function group and the stable group at 1-year follow-up.

<p>A. Distribution of 72-h postoperative uKIM-1 levels in the deteriorated renal function group and the stable group at 1-year follow-up. B. Distribution of preoperative uL-FABP levels in the deteriorated renal function group and the stable group at 1-year follow-up. C. Distribution of 48-h postoperative uL-FABP levels in the deteriorated renal function group and the stable group at 1-year follow-up. D. Distribution of 72-h postoperative uL-FABP levels in the deteriorated renal function group and the stable group at 1-year follow-up. E. Distribution of preoperative uNGAL levels in the deteriorated renal function group and the stable group at 1-year follow-up.</p

Comparison of the deteriorated renal function group and the stable group at 1-year follow-up.

<p>*The differences between the deteriorated renal function group and the stable group were statistically significant (P<0.05).</p

Relationship between the 72-h postoperative uKIM-1 level and renal prognosis.

<p>uKIM-1>96.69 pg/mg Cr was significantly correlated with poor prognosis.</p

Relevant risk factors influencing the long-term renal prognosis of patients.

<p>Relevant risk factors influencing the long-term renal prognosis of patients.</p

AUC for renal prognosis prediction.

<p>biomarker combination 1: combining preoperative uL-FABP and 72-h postoperative uL-FABP levels. biomarker combination 2: combining 72-h postoperative uL-FABP and uKIM-1 levels. biomarker combination 3: combining preoperative uL-FABP and uKIM-1 levels. biomarker combination 4: combining preoperative uL-FABP, uKIM-1, and uNGAL levels. biomarker combination 5: combining 72-h postoperative uL-FABP, uKIM-1, and uNGAL levels.</p

Study flow chart.

<p>Study flow chart.</p

The uKIM-1 level in the transient AKI group was significantly higher than that of the non transient AKI group among elderly AKI patients during the occurrence of AKI.

<p>The uKIM-1 level in the transient AKI group was significantly higher than that of the non transient AKI group among elderly AKI patients during the occurrence of AKI.</p

Diagnostic Value of Urinary Kidney Injury Molecule 1 for Acute Kidney Injury: A Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Background</p><p>Urinary Kidney Injury Molecule 1 (KIM-1) is a proximal tubular injury biomarker for early detection of acute kidney injury (AKI), with variable performance characteristics depending on clinical and population settings.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Meta-analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic value of urinary KIM-1 in AKI. Relevant studies were searched from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Pubmed, Elsevier Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library. Meta-analysis methods were used to pool sensitivity and specificity and to construct summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 2979 patients from 11 eligible studies were enrolled in the analysis. Five prospective cohorts, two cross-sectional and four case-control studies were identified for meta-analysis. The estimated sensitivity of urinary KIM-1 for the diagnosis of AKI was 74.0% (95% CI, 61.0%–84.0%), and specificity was 86.0% (95% CI, 74.0%–93.0%). The SROC analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.86(0.83–0.89). Subgroup analysis suggested that population settings and detection time were the key factors affecting the efficiency of KIM-1 for AKI diagnosis.</p><p>Limitation</p><p>Various population settings, different definition of AKI and Serum creatinine level used as the standard might have influence on AKI diagnosis. The relatively small number of studies and heterogeneity between them also affected the evaluation.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Urinary KIM-1 may be a promising biomarker for early detection of AKI with considerable predictive value, especially for cardiac surgery patients, and its potential value needs to be validated in large studies and across a broader scope of clinical settings.</p></div