Synthesis of [1,2,3]Triazolo[5,1-<b><i>a</i></b>]isoquinoline Derivatives via a Selective Cascade Cyclization Sequence of 1,2-bis(Phenylethynyl)benzene Derivatives

<div><p></p><p>A direct, concise, synthetic method for the generation of [1,2,3]triazolo[5,1-<i>a</i>]isoquinoline derivatives, using a selective cascade cyclization of unsymmetrical substituted 1,2-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene derivatives with NaN₃, has been developed. The reaction gave different substituted [1,2,3]triazolo[5,1-<i>a</i>]isoquinolines in moderate to good yields. It was found that the substituents on the alkynes were important for the selectivities of the cascade cyclization sequences.</p></div

Copper-Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition/Oxidation Reactions between Nitro-olefins and Organic Azides: Highly Regioselective Synthesis of NO₂‑Substituted 1,2,3-Triazoles

A new copper-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition/oxidation reaction of nitro-olefins with organic azides has been developed to afford 1,4­(-NO₂),5-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. This reaction sequence has a broad substrate scope and affords NO₂-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles with high regioselectivities and in good to excellent yields. The involved oxidative process overcomes the elimination of HNO₂ for general cycloaddition of nitro-olefins with organic azides, which shows a high atom economy and potential applications

Appendix A. Information supplementing main text includes a table displaying classification of temporal overlap between training-activity stressors and prairie habitat, figures illustrating current risk and changes in risk to potential habitat for Mazama pocket gopher (Thomomys mazama) under alternative management scenarios including either 100% Scotch broom removal or additional year-round restrictions, and figures depicting risk to potential habitat for all study species [streaked horned...

Information supplementing main text includes a table displaying classification of temporal overlap between training-activity stressors and prairie habitat, figures illustrating current risk and changes in risk to potential habitat for Mazama pocket gopher (Thomomys mazama) under alternative management scenarios including either 100% Scotch broom removal or additional year-round restrictions, and figures depicting risk to potential habitat for all study species [streaked horned lark (Eremophila alpestris strigata), Taylor’s checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas editha taylori), Mazama pocket gopher (Thomomys mazama)] under alternative management scenarios including either additional seasonal restrictions alone or combined with 100% Scotch broom removal

Copper-Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition/Oxidation Reactions between Nitro-olefins and Organic Azides: Highly Regioselective Synthesis of NO₂‑Substituted 1,2,3-Triazoles

A new copper-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition/oxidation reaction of nitro-olefins with organic azides has been developed to afford 1,4­(-NO₂),5-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. This reaction sequence has a broad substrate scope and affords NO₂-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles with high regioselectivities and in good to excellent yields. The involved oxidative process overcomes the elimination of HNO₂ for general cycloaddition of nitro-olefins with organic azides, which shows a high atom economy and potential applications

Reactive oxygen species and apoptosis determination at age P42.

<p>Green fluorescent staining indicates expression of ROS in the upper row panels, while it indicates apoptotic cell death by TUNEL in the lower row panels. Data are a composite of 3 independent experiments. Note the dramatic decrease in ROS presence in treated <i>rd12</i> eyes (right upper panel) compared to the abundant presence of ROS in the untreated <i>rd12</i> eyes (middle upper panel). Similarly, no signs of apoptosis are present in the treated <i>rd12</i> eyes (lower right panel), and several apoptotic cells could be identified in the untreated <i>rd12</i> eyes (middle lower panel). Calibration bar  = 50 μm.</p

Mass spectrometry results of retinal differential proteins between rd12 and C57BL/6J mice at age P14 and P21.

<p>Note: ↑: the protein level is up-regulated in the untreated <i>rd12</i> retinas; ↓: the protein level is down-regulated in the untreated <i>rd12</i> retinas.</p

Scotopic and photopic ERG testing of untreated, treated <i>rd12</i> and normal C57BL/6J eyes.

<p>Panels A and B represent scotopic (panel A) and photopic (panel B) ERGs recorded on P21 from C57BL/6 (upper trace) or untreated <i>rd12</i> mice (lower trace). Panels C and D represent scotopic ERG (panel C) and photopic ERG (panel D) recorded on P42 from C57BL/6 (upper trace), treated <i>rd12</i> mice (middle trace) or untreated <i>rd12</i> mice (lower trace). Panels E and F indicate statistical comparison between b-wave amplitudes of different groups at both time points under scotopic and photopic conditions, respectively. N = 6/group, and error bars depict the standard error of the mean. Scotopic ERGs (A and C) were obtained using white stimulus of −5 cd·s/m², while photopic ERGs (B and D) were recorded using white stimulus of 1.96 cd·s/m² of <i>rd12</i> and C57BL/6J eyes. Scotopic ERG, b-wave amplitude of the untreated rd12 eye was 483.7±59.9 µV (p<0.001), lower than that of the normal control C57BL/6J eyes at P21, b-wave amplitude of the treated <i>rd12</i> eye became 555.1±28.4 µV (p<0.001) on P42, higher than that of the untreated <i>rd12</i> eye. In photopic ERG, b-wave amplitude gap was 86.2±4.54 µV (p<0.001) between the untreated <i>rd12</i> and B6 eyes on P21, and was 64.2±6.5 µV (p<0.001) between the treated and untreated <i>rd12</i> eyes on P42. NS: no significance. *: p<0.05; **: p<0.001.</p

Survival rate of MIO-M1 cells after administration of H₂O₂ and GO and at varied concentrations and time points.

<p>Panels <b>A</b> and <b>B</b> represent the relative optical density (OD) values (positively related to number of live cells) of surviving MIO-M1 cells at 8 hrs (<b>A</b>) and 24 hrs (<b>B</b>) at various concentrations of H₂O₂ (in mM – horizontal axis). Panels C and D represent average values (±SEM) of surviving MIO-M1 cells at 8 hrs (<b>C</b>) and 24 hrs (<b>D</b>) at various concentrations of GO (in µg/L – horizontal axis). N = 6/group in every panel, error bars depict the standard error of the mean. Results showed that the survival ratio of the PRDX6 group was always higher than those in the GFP and control group after treatment of H₂O₂ and GO at varied concentrations for 8 and 24 hours. The concentration range of H₂O₂ treatment, where significant difference was observed between the PRDX6 group and the GFP or the blank group, was from 0.15 to 0.225 mM at 8 hours, and from 0.20 to 1.00 mM at 24 hours (p<0.05). After GO treatment, the concentration range where significant difference was observed ranged from 2.5 to 5.0 µg/L at 8 hours, and from 3.0 to 5.0 µg/L at 24 hours (p<0.05).</p

Differential retinal protein markings at age P14 and P21.

<p>Upper panels represent 2-DE gels from age P14 for C57BL/6J and untreated <i>rd12</i> mice. Lower panels represent 2-DE gels from age P21 for C57BL/6J and untreated <i>rd12</i> mice. Data are a composite of 3 independent experiments, and n = 6/group. Red numbers indicate differential proteins. At age P14, 13 differential proteins (numbered from 1 to 13) were identified, including 8 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated proteins; at age P21, 7 differential proteins (numbered from 14 to 20) were identified, including 5 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated proteins.</p

Primers for HSP70, PRDX6, CRYAA and β-actin in real-time PCR.

<p>Primers for HSP70, PRDX6, CRYAA and β-actin in real-time PCR.</p