Discussion of different Remote sensing satellite possibilities for scientifical Earth observations

More than 1,000 satellites are launched into space, and they differ in their functions, rotation orbits, resolution, and other properties. Scientists divide the satellites into low-resolution, medium-resolution, high-resolution, and very high-resolution satellites by their properties. Now, the biggest challenge facing scientists is to use some of these different resolution images in their field. To get the expected result, it is very important to analyze the image that needs an which gives more accurate results. Therefore, the main attention of this article is aimed to find the answer to these problems. In this article 3 satellite images which have different resolution are analyzed. The possibility of middle-resolution images of MODIS, high-resolution images of Landsat, and very high-resolution images of WorldView-2 (WV-2) satellites using GIS are analyzed. A research area was the Syrdarya region, and downloaded different images of satellites of this area and compared with using e Cognition. According to the results, a more accurate satellite image for irrigation sets information is WorldView-2 images. In comparison analysis, it shows more accurate properties than other satellite images. As irrigation sets are small objects for the analysis, very high spatial resolution satellite images are important. Water discharge and surface change happen very fast; thus, it requires daily monitoring of the condition. And in this case, the temporal resolution of the MODIS and Landsat is 16 day, and it is a too long period

Quantitative detection and attribution of groundwater level variations in the Amu Darya Delta

In the past few decades, the shrinkage of the Aral Sea is one of the biggest ecological catastrophes caused by human activity. To quantify the joint impact of both human activities and climate change on groundwater, the spatiotemporal groundwater dynamic characteristics in the Amu Darya Delta of the Aral Sea from 1999 to 2017 were analyzed, using the groundwater level, climate conditions, remote sensing data, and irrigation information. Statistics analysis was adopted to analyze the trend of groundwater variation, including intensity, periodicity, spatial structure, while the Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to quantify the impact of climate change and human activities on the variabilities of the groundwater level. Results reveal that the local groundwater dynamic has varied considerably. From 1999 to 2002, the groundwater level dropped from -189 cm to -350 cm. Until 2017, the groundwater level rose back to -211 cm with fluctuation. Seasonally, the fluctuation period of groundwater level and irrigation water was similar, both were about 18 months. Spatially, the groundwater level kept stable within the irrigation area and bare land but fluctuated drastically around the irrigation area. The Pearson correlation analysis reveals that the dynamic of the groundwater level is closely related to irrigation activity within the irrigation area (Nukus: -0.583), while for the place adjacent to the Aral Sea, the groundwater level is closely related to the Large Aral Sea water level (Muynak: 0.355). The results of PCA showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three components exceeds 85%. The study reveals that human activities have a great impact on groundwater, effective management, and the development of water resources in arid areas is an essential prerequisite for ecological protection

Anti-erosion technology of potatoes irrigation on typical Chirchik-Angren valley serosemes

The article deals with the results of the analysis of long-term studies on the study of soil-protective, water efficiency technologies for the cultivation of crops on eroded soils. For the conditions of irrigated and erosion impacted typical loamy soils of a Chirchik-Angren valley, the law of a pliability of the typical loamy soils impacted by erosion is revealed depening on the form of furrows and the size of a jet. The optimum forms of the furrow and size of a jet are determined for condition of typical loamy soils at growing potatoes. The influence of the form of furrow on the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, common phosphorus in a liquid and firm drain is established the losses of nutritious substances with a liquid and firm drain are revealed depending on elements of irrigation technology. The growth and development of the potatoes is studied. The economic efficiency is determined at cultivation of a potatoes on typical erosion demaged loamy soils

Structurally decryptable complexes - a new taxonomic unit in cosmo-geological research

The article presents the results of studies on the use of remote sensing data for the selection of geological structures based on structurally interpretable complexes. In addition, modern digital materials of satellite images of the Earth’s surface, obtained from different satellite systems were used. The purpose of this research is the creation of a new generation of cosmogeological maps-remote fundamentals of the study area based on the integrated use of satellite imagery with geological and geophysical data. The structurally-decrypted complexes (SDC) were identified on the remote bases cosmogeological maps compiled using digital satellite images on base all Republic of Uzbekistan. Denoting tectonic disturbances and ring structures, as well as summarizing cosmogical and geological information, it is possible to distinguish predicted areas; one can solve various current geological problems by analyzing satellite imagery channels. One of the new scientific and thematic solutions of the research is the autonomous isolation of intrusive, sedimentary-volcanogenic and sedimentary structurally-deciphered complexes in combination with the structural and geodynamic features of the region, which helps to identify elements that are not distinguished by other methods

Hydraulic calculation of horizontal open drainages

In article analysed the factors influencing the hydraulic processes which arise in the open horizontal drainage systems. Open drainages plays important role in order to improve the ameliorative condition of the agricultural area, salt washing on the soil. It is emphasized that the deep drainage in our region has a good effect on the soil condition and salt removing. At present, efforts are being made to improve the productivity of the collectors to clean and built. As example the collector drainage systems in Syrdarya region are listed. It is observed that the motion mode of open drainage flows is physically identical. Due to the complexity of equations in the unstable motion mode, the drainage water flow scheme in the collectors reflects the hydraulic calculation of the movement. Researches were provided in open agricultural drainage system of Syrdarya region and analysis have been done in natural field conditions. It has been noted when slope of the drainage bed is equal to i<0,0005 intensity of deformation were very high, when slope was between 0,0005<i<0,0011 intensity of deformation of collector bed was equal to the minimum level. In this article provided hydraulic calculation for Syrdarya region drainage system for choosing dynamical stable shape of bed. Those hydraulic calculations and projections ensure collectors with long time period of exploitation condition. Calculation and analyses were done with taking account trapezoidal capacity of the stream in drainage system, and the results of studies on increasing the flow efficiency are reflected. Analysed that when slope will increase until 20% discharge capacity will increase because of high average flow velocity increased by 7-8 times and discussed difference of them. As a result of the hydraulic calculation, the slope of the drainage increased from i-0,00048 to i-0,0006, the fact that the flow capacity increased by 25% due to the increase because of flow velocity

Discussion of different Remote sensing satellite possibilities for scientifical Earth observations

More than 1,000 satellites are launched into space, and they differ in their functions, rotation orbits, resolution, and other properties. Scientists divide the satellites into low-resolution, medium-resolution, high-resolution, and very high-resolution satellites by their properties. Now, the biggest challenge facing scientists is to use some of these different resolution images in their field. To get the expected result, it is very important to analyze the image that needs an which gives more accurate results. Therefore, the main attention of this article is aimed to find the answer to these problems. In this article 3 satellite images which have different resolution are analyzed. The possibility of middle-resolution images of MODIS, high-resolution images of Landsat, and very high-resolution images of WorldView-2 (WV-2) satellites using GIS are analyzed. A research area was the Syrdarya region, and downloaded different images of satellites of this area and compared with using e Cognition. According to the results, a more accurate satellite image for irrigation sets information is WorldView-2 images. In comparison analysis, it shows more accurate properties than other satellite images. As irrigation sets are small objects for the analysis, very high spatial resolution satellite images are important. Water discharge and surface change happen very fast; thus, it requires daily monitoring of the condition. And in this case, the temporal resolution of the MODIS and Landsat is 16 day, and it is a too long period

Extraction of urban construction development with using Landsat satellite images and geoinformation systems

In recent times there have been many changes on Earth, which have appeared after anthropogenic impact. Finding solutions to problems in the environment requires studying the problems quickly, make proper conclusions and creating safe and useful measures. Humanity has always had an effect on the environment. There can be many changes on the Earth because of direct and indirect effects of humans on nature. Determining these changes at the right time and organizing meas-urements of them requires the creation of quick analysing methods. This development has improved specialists’ interest for remote sensing (RS) imagery. Moreover, in accordance with analysis of literature sources, agriculture, irrigation and ecology have the most demand for RS imagery. This article is about using geographic information system (GIS) and RS technologies in cadastre and urban construction branches. This article covers a newly created automated method for the calculation of artificial surface area based on satellite images. Accuracy of the analysis is verified according to the field experiments. Accuracy of analysis is 95%. According to the analysis from 1972 to 2019 artificial area enlargement is 13.44%. This method is very simple and easy to use. Using this data, the analysis method can decrease economical costs for field measures. Using this method and these tools in branches also allows for greater efficiency in time and resources

Modeling the effects of improved irrigation methods in a groundwater system: A case study from the Amu Darya Delta, Uzbekistan

Suitable groundwater levels have a significant influence on vegetation growth, regional salinization, and ecological sustainability. Because of long-term low-efficiency irrigation methods and water canals, the stream flows vanish before reaching the South Aral Sea, leading to a rapid shrinkage of lake coverage since 1960. Meanwhile, the groundwater table in agricultural zones has continued to grow and recharge the Aral Sea, leading to increased salinization. Using a joint application of observation, remote sensing, and reanalysis data, a groundwater model was established to represent the historical aquifer condition and the efficiency of four possible management scenarios: drip irrigation under plastic mulch (Drip scenario), surface water-groundwater conjunctive irrigation (Conjunction scenario), drainage system methods (Drainage scenario), and mixing of the aforementioned methods (Mixed scenario). The simulation results demonstrate distinct spatial distribution of groundwater tables: the decline in the groundwater level was discovered in all proposed methods, but the decline was more drastic in the Conjunction and Mixed scenarios, and least in the Drainage scenario. The decrease in the groundwater table can be attributed to the decrease in the recharge rate (Drip and Conjunction scenarios) and the increase in the pumping rate (Conjunction scenario). Of all the scenarios, the Drainage scenario shows the smallest global decline in the water table, with an average decline of 0.15 m, but a maximum regional decline of 3.93 m (on the sides of the drainage). Evaluated by analyzing the water balance at a regional scale, evapo-transpiration (ET) is still the major consumer of groundwater resources, at approximately 52%. Groundwater extraction and leakage into drainage accounted for approximately 6.9% and 23.5%, respectively. However, improved irrigation measures could reduce surface runoff and convert excessive groundwater into drainage systems. The improved irrigation methods could increase the total surface water runoff to 19.16 km3/yr, which is 29% higher than the maximum annual runoff (14.82 km3) and 406% higher than the mean annual runoff (3.79 km3) of the Amu Darya River over the past two decades. This study indicates that proper groundwater man-agement measurements in irrigation areas could greatly help address water scarcity problems and promote sustainability in these ecosystems

Water Balance Analysis Based on a Quantitative Evapotranspiration Inversion in the Nukus Irrigation Area, Lower Amu River Basin

Human activities are mainly responsible for the Aral Sea crisis, and excessive farmland expansion and unreasonable irrigation regimes are the main manifestations. The conflicting needs of agricultural water consumption and ecological water demand of the Aral Sea are increasingly prominent. However, the quantitative relationship among the water balance elements in the oasis located in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya River Basin and their impact on the retreat of the Aral Sea remain unclear. Therefore, this study focused on the water consumption of the Nukus irrigation area in the delta of the Amu Darya River and analyzed the water balance variations and their impacts on the Aral Sea. The surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL) was employed to retrieve daily and seasonal evapotranspiration (ET) levels from 1992 to 2018, and a water balance equation was established based on the results of a remote sensing evapotranspiration inversion. The results indicated that the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) simulated by the SEBAL model matched the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) calculated by the Penman&ndash;Monteith method well, and the correlation coefficients between the two ETa sources were greater than 0.8. The total ETa levels in the growing seasons decreased from 1992 to 2005 and increased from 2005 to 2015, which is consistent with the changes in the cultivated land area and inflows from the Amu Darya River. In 2000, 2005 and 2010, the groundwater recharge volumes into the Aral Sea during the growing season were 6.74&times;109 m3, 1.56&times;109 m3 and 8.40&times;109 m3; respectively; in the dry year of 2012, regional ET exceeded the river inflow, and 2.36&times;109 m3 of groundwater was extracted to supplement the shortage of irrigation water. There is a significant two-year lag correlation between the groundwater level and the area of the southern Aral Sea. This study can provide useful information for water resources management in the Aral Sea region