Transvaginal sonographic cervical length during mid-trimester in predicting preterm labour in asymptomatic singleton pregnancies

Background: Worldwide, preterm birth is the main contributor to perinatal mortality and morbidity. Preterm birth causes 50% of long-term morbidity, contributes 75% of neonatal deaths (after accounting for fatal abnormalities), and becomes 85% of newborn deaths. Cervical length measurement has been linked to predicting the preterm labour in mid-trimester by various studies. Methods: This study was carried out to evaluate the strength of cervical length as a predictive factor for pre-term labour. This is a prospective observational study conducted at MIMS, Vizianagaram on 100 antenatal mothers. The cervical length is measured by transvaginal ultrasound. If the length was <25 mm, then the patients were advised a second scan during 28th week and follow-up was done till delivery. Results: Out of the 100 patients, 21 were multigravida, whereas 79 were primigravida. 20 had pre-term delivery and 80 had term delivery. The mean age of the population was 25.2±4.5 years. 40% of cases with cervical length <25 mm had pre-term delivery, as compared to 33.33% in patients with cervical length 26-30 mm, 13.63% in 31-35 mm, 5.88% in 36-40 mm and 16.66% in patients with cervical length >40 mm. The p value<0.05. Area under ROC curve is 0.79. Sensitivity is 60%, specificity is 8.75%, positive predictive value is 57.14%, negative predictive value is 89.87%. Conclusions: Transvaginal sonography is a reliable diagnostic test in mid-trimester in predicting pre-term delivery in singleton pregnancy

Location Of Suitable Sites For Wind Farms Using Tools Of Spatial Information.

The rapid increase in the global population and fast depleting reserves of fossils fuel and increasing environmental pollution have encouraged the search for alternative source of environmental friendly renewable energy

Patient-Specific Pre-Treatment VMAT Plan Verification Using Gamma Passing Rates

Continuous gantry motion, continuous beam modulation, and variable dose rate are used in volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) to obtain highly conformal radiation therapy dose distributions. Several errors during daily radiation therapy treatment can be sources of uncertainties in dose delivery. These errors include monitor unit calculation errors and other human mistakes. Due to the uncertainties in the excessively modulated VMAT plan, the intended dose distribution is not delivered perfectly, leading to a mismatch between the measured and planned dose distributions. This necessitates an extensive and effective quality assurance (QA) program for both machine and patient. In this study, VMAT QA plan verification of 62 head and neck (HN) and 19 prostate cases was done using Octavius 4D setup with its associating VeriSoft gamma analysis software. The plans showed a maximum 3D gamma passing rate with 4 mm/3 % gamma acceptance criteria, i.e., 99.7 % for the HN cancer cases and 99.5 % for the prostate cancer cases. Local gamma analysis was also performed for both regions. Furthermore, 2D and volumetric gamma analyses were also carried out. Gamma analysis with respect to different axis was also carried out. It was known that the transversal axis showed    the highest gamma passing rate in both HN and prostate cases, i.e., 99.17 % and 98.3 %, respectively. The transverse axis came to be a better fit for the planned dose distribution

N-(4-Chloro­phen­yl)-2-hy­droxy­benzamide

In the title compound, C13H10ClNO2, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 20.02 (6)° and intra­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds both generate S(6) rings. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into C(6) chains propagating in [010]

INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION IN UNDERPRIVILEGED AREAS: THE CASE STUDY OF THE ALL-GIRLS "SCHOOL OF ASTRONOMY AND PHYSICS BY MIRWAT" IN PAKISTAN AND VIRTUAL VISITS TO THE VIRGO INTERFEROMETER

As the world witnessed a swift change in every walk of life during the SARS-Cov2 pandemic, flexibility and adaption remained the key components for staying relevant in the field of science education. However, beyond the need for quick adaptation and acquisition of digital skills by both teachers and students, the digital transformation in education has opened up a window of opportunity making global and remote engagement possible for everyone. This paper presents the good practice of Virtual Visits to Virgo Gravitational Wave Detector coorganized by EGO-Virgo, the FRONTIERS and REINFORCE EU funded projects and the "School of Astronomy and Physics by Mirwat" with the participation of high school girls from Islamabad and remote regions of Pakistan. This paper presents the prospect of international collaboration for STEM education, early exposure to research environment to build the deeper understanding of the functioning and working of large research infrastructure, building science identity by informal science experiences and to empower the high school students by engagement in content creation activity. The experience indicates a positive outcome and improvement in understanding of students as well as a step towards building a science identity among them

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MECHANICAL REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM FOR ROAD VEHICLES

An innovative mechanical regenerative braking system for road vehicles, developed by the authors and patented, has been described. This system has been installed on an experimental solar electric vehicle and the energy saving during on road experiments has been studied and test results presented in this article. It has been concluded that by using this system about 70% of the energy, that might have gone waste while applying brakes, can be saved and the driving range can be increased

Emerging contaminants of high concern for the environment: Current trends and future research

Wastewater is contaminated water that must be treated before it may be transferred into other rivers and lakes in order to prevent further groundwater pollution. Over the last decade, research has been conducted on a wide variety of contaminants, but the emerging contaminants are those caused primarily by micropollutants, endocrine disruptors (EDs), pesticides, pharmaceuticals, hormones, and toxins, as well as industrially-related synthetic dyes and dye-containing hazardous pollutants. Most emerging pollutants did not have established guidelines, but even at low concentrations they could have harmful effects on humans and aquatic organisms. In order to combat the above ecological threats, huge efforts have been done with a view to boosting the effectiveness of remediation procedures or developing new techniques for the detection, quantification and efficiency of the samples. The increase of interest in biotechnology and environmental engineering gives an opportunity for the development of more innovative ways to water treatment remediation. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of emerging sources of contaminants, detection technologies, and treatment strategies. The goal of this review is to evaluate adsorption as a method for treating emerging pollutants, as well as sophisticated and cost-effective approaches for treating emerging contaminants

Stochastic Generation Of Hourly Wind Speed Time Series.

In the present study hourly wind speed data of Kuala Terengganu in Peninsular Malaysia are simulated by using transition matrix approach of Markovian process. The wind speed time series is divided into various states based on certain criteria

Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model(Arima)For Forecasting Wind Speed.

For proper planning and efficient utilization of wind energy, wind speed predictions are important. In the present study the hourly wind speed data from 1995 to 2001 at three meteorological stations at a height of 14 m above the ground level have been analysed for fitting autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models

Challenges and perspectives on innovative technologies for biofuel production and sustainable environmental management

Specifically, human activities, such as those in industry and transportation, have resulted in an increase in the demand for fossil fuels, resulting in severe environmental problems.Throughout this article, we discuss the potential and challenges associated with the production of biofuels from a variety of feedstocks and advances in processing technologies utilizing a range of feedstocks. Based on the conclusion of the study, we conclude that bioenergy is a green alternative to be used for diverse energy needs, once the appropriate conversion processes are applied. The production of biofuels and their use in industries and transportation have significantly reduced the use of fossil fuels. The literature review concluded that producing biofuels from energy crops and microalgae was the most efficient and attractive method. The purpose of this review is to explain all aspects of biofuels and their sustainability criteria. With a particular focus on the role of nanotechnology in biofuel production, this article discusses the most recent advances in biofuel production. A number of emerging techniques have been investigated for improving process quality, including integrated techniques, less energy-intensive distillation strategies, and the use of microorganisms in engineering. A challenging aspect of biofuel production on a large scale remains; therefore, a novel technology must be developed in order to enhance biofuel production in order to meet the challenges and meet future energy needs