Habitat suitability modeling for wild goat (Capra aegagrus) in a mountainous arid area, central Iran

Wild goat (Capra aegagrus) is one of the most prominent mountain mammals dispersed in many habitats in Iran. However, few studies on the relationship between this species and its habitat have been conducted. This species is recognized as one of the main food source for highly endangered species such as cheetah and leopard. In this study which lasted from fall 2009 through summer 2011, seasonal habitat suitability models of wild goat in the protected area of Kouh-e-Bafgh were created. The binary logistic regression analysis comparing ecological characteristics of presence and absence points with ecological characteristics of the region have been applied. Wild goat habitat use was influenced by steep slopes, rocky substrates, and distance to water sources, vegetation, aspects and human resources (roads). Applied models could predict at least 94.7% of the model evaluation points, indicating high accuracy of the models. Suitable habitats for wild goat in protected area of Kouh-e-Bafgh were classified in different seasons based on the estimated optimal cut-off value for each model. It comprised 29.5% to 41.3% of the protected area. There was a substantial overlap between seasonal suitable habitats in different seasons, with the highest overlap between spring and summer. The overlap between suitable habitats was at least 71.6% in all seasons. The most suitable habitats of wild goat and its predator were in the core zones of the study area

The Prevalence of Attention Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder Among Iranian Children: A Meta-Analysis

Context: Attention deficient hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), diagnosed in psychiatric outpatient clinics, is the most common psychiatric disorder among schoolchildren. The purpose of this study is to conduct a meta-analysis on subscales related to ADHD examined on schoolchildren. Moreover, it is tried to evaluate meta-analysis of ADHD and its subscales in primary school students in Iran. Evidence Acquisition: Searching through the databases of Magiran, SID, Google Scholar, etc. a total of 16 articles were collected and weighted based on the number of cases and prevalence in binomial distribution. By using a random effects model meta-analysis (I2 = 96.5), data were analyzed by the use of R and STATA software (version 11.2). Results: In this analysis, 27 articles published between the years of 2001 and 2016 were used. The total sample size was 15124 students whose ages ranged from six to 14 years old. The prevalence of ADHD based on parents and teachers' consensus was 12 (CI 95: 9.0 -15), from parents' perspective 15.6 (CI 95: 9.8 -21.5), and from teachers' perspective 17.2 (CI 95: 12.7 -21.8). The subgroups' prevalence rates based on parents and teachers' consensus were as follows: Attention deficit (AD) = 4.2, hyperactive impulsive (HI) = 4.1, and combined type (CT) = 3.5. ADHD was more prevalent in boys than girls (7.9 versus 5.5). Conclusions: The results indicated that the prevalence of ADHD among schoolchildren is moderate; therefore, considering the importance of students' mental health, the needs for identification, prevention, and treatment of high-risk groups by responsible institutions become obvious