Correction to "Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension Subtypes Among the Adult Population in Nepal: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey Data" [Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2019;10(6):327-36].

In the article entitled Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension Subtypes Among the Adult Population in Nepal: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey Data [1], the name of the second author, Animesh Talukdar, was incorrect. (Osong Public Health Res Perspect (2019) 10:6 (327-336) DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.6.02

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension Subtypes among the Adult Population in Nepal: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey Data

© 2019 Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence, and associated factors of undiagnosed hypertension [Systolic Diastolic Hypertension (SDH), Isolated Systolic Hypertension (ISH) and Isolated Diastolic Hypertension (IDH)] in the Nepalese adult population. Methods: Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data from adults (≥ 18 years) was used in this study. The final weighted sample size was 13,393. Blood pressure (BP) was measured 3 times and the average of the second and third measurement was reported. SDH (systolic BP (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg and diastolic BP (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg), ISH (SBP ≥ 140 mmHg and DBP \u3c 90 mmHg), and IDH (SBP \u3c 140 mmHg and DBP ≥ 90 mmHg) were measured. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted to find the association between the independent variables and the covariates. Results: The prevalence of SDH, IDH and ISH were 8.1%, 7.5%, and 3.3% respectively. The odds of having SDH and ISH increased with old age. However, the odds of having IDH decreased with increasing age. Females has lower odds of having SDH and IDH compared with male participants. Individuals that had been married, resided in Province 4 (p \u3c 0.05) or 5 (p \u3c 0.01) were statistically significantly associated with having IDH. Being overweight or obese was statistically significantly associated with all 3 HTN subtypes (p \u3c 0.001). Conclusion: The necessary steps should be taken so that public health promotion programs in Nepal may prevent and control undiagnosed hypertension

Prevalence and associated factors of underweight, overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age group in the Maldives: Evidence from a nationally representative study.

BackgroundGlobal epidemiological transition across various countries have documented the coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition. South Asian countries are facing this public health hazard in remarkable manner. To enrich the evidence and relation with women's health in the Maldives, this study was undertaken to examine the prevalence and associated factors of underweight, overweight and obesity among reproductive age women.MethodsThis study was conducted utilizing data from the Maldives Demographic and Health Survey 2016-17. After presenting descriptive analyses, multivariable logistic regression analysis method was used to examine the prevalence and associations between different nutritional status categories. These were grouped based on the WHO recommended cut-off value and relevant socio-demographic determinants among reproductive age women.ResultsA total weighted sample of 6,634 reproductive age Maldivian women (15-49 years) were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 63%, while the underweight prevalence was 10%. The younger age group (15-24 years) had a higher prevalence of underweight (26%). On the other hand, an overweight and obesity prevalence of 82.6% was observed among the older age group (35-49 years). Regression analysis showed that residents of the North and Central Provinces, those in the higher quintiles of wealth index, married women and those with parity of more than two children, were all significantly negatively correlated to being underweight. Increased age, being married or separated/divorced/widowed and having more than three children was found to have a significant positive association with overweight and obesity.ConclusionsMaldives is facing nutritional transition and a major public health hazard demonstrated by the high burden of overweight and obesity and persistence of chronic problem of undernutrition. Surveillance of vulnerable individuals with identified socio-demographic factors and cost-effective interventions are highly recommended to address the persistent underweight status and the emerging problem of overweight/obesity

Obesity and Abdominal Obesity in Indian Population: Findings from a Nationally Representative Study of 698,286 Participants

This study aims to determine and compare the prevalence and correlates of obesity and abdominal obesity in India among participants aged 18–54 years. Data were acquired from the nationally representative National Family Health Survey 2019–21. Age and sex standardized descriptive analyses were conducted to determine the prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity, and multivariable multilevel logistic regression was performed to identify the factors associated with these conditions. Gender-specific analyses were also conducted. The sample weight was adjusted throughout. The final sample size for this study was 698,286. The prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity was 13.85% and 57.71%, respectively. Older age, being female, increased educational status and increased wealth index, being married at any point, and residing in an urban area all increased the odds of both obesity and abdominal obesity. Being a resident of the North zone and having a current alcohol intake increased the odds of abdominal obesity. On the other hand, being a resident of the South zone of India increased the odds of obesity. Targeting these high-risk groups can be a strategy for public health promotion programs

Association of frequency of television watching with overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in India: Evidence from a nationally representative study.

BackgroundFor women of reproductive age, overweight and obesity are an established risk factor for several medical complications. To address the increasing rate of obesity in India through public health awareness programs, the association between common behaviors and overweight and obesity needs to be investigated. This study aims to determine whether there is any association between the frequency of television watching and overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in India.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study that utilized data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), which utilized a nationally representative sample from all 29 states and 7 union territories of India. The survey itself followed a two-staged stratified random sampling technique. The primary outcome of interest was overweight (23.0 kg/m2 to ResultsThe analysis included weighted data from 644,006 Indian women of reproductive age (15-49 years). Among the respondents, 33.5% were overweight or obese (BMI ≥23.0 kg/m2). The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased with age (p-value ConclusionsThis study found that the likelihood of being overweight and obese significantly increased with the frequency of watching television; likely due to physical inactivity during leisure time. Further studies should examine the physical activity and food habits of this target group. Public health promotion programs in India should raise awareness regarding the harmful effects of the sedentary lifestyle associated with watching television

Factors Associated with Tobacco Use Among Nepalese Men Aged 15–49 Years: Data from Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016

© 2020 INDIACLEN Background: Tobacco is one of the leading causes of premature death around the world. In Nepal, tobacco kills 15,000 people every year. Men are also the primary users of tobacco. This study aimed to discern the prevalence and associated factors of tobacco use among Nepalese men aged 15–49 years. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. This study used data from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. A total of 4059 study participants aged 15–49 years were included in the final analysis. The primary outcome of interest in this study was ‘tobacco use’, which was further categorized into smoked and smokeless tobacco use. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify determinants of tobacco use, smoking, and smokeless tobacco use. Results: The prevalence of overall tobacco, smoked tobacco, and smokeless tobacco use were 52.3% (95% CI: 50.0–54.6), 27.3% (95% CI: 24.5–30.3), and 40.2% (95% CI: 38.0–42.4), respectively. The prevalence of tobacco use was significantly higher among the elderly, manual workers, those of lower educational status, those of lower economic status, and residents of Province No. 2. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, older age, poor education, poor economic status, and residence in the Terai region were each found to be significantly associated with tobacco use. Conclusion: As one out of every two Nepalese men is a tobacco consumer, pertinent public health programs need to increase advocacy against tobacco use among the mass population. Tobacco control programs should also target high-risk groups when designing interventions

Association between the Frequency of Television Watching and Overweight and Obesity among Women of Reproductive Age in Nepal: Analysis of data from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016

© 2020 Das Gupta et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Background The prevalence of overweight and obesity, particularly among women, is increasing in Nepal. Previous studies in the South Asia have found television watching to be a risk factor for overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age. However, this association had not been studied in the context of Nepal. This study aims to identify the association between frequency of television watching and overweight and obesity among Nepalese women of reproductive age. Methods This cross-sectional study utilized the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016 (NDHS 2016) data. A total weighted sample of 6,031 women were included in the final analyses. The women were 15–49 years of age and were either not pregnant or had not delivered a child within the two months prior to the survey. Body mass index (BMI) was the primary outcome of this study, which was categorized using an Asia-specific cutoff value. Normal and/ or underweight was defined as a BMI \u3c23.0 kg/m2, overweight was defined as a BMI between 23.0 kg/m2 and \u3c27.5 kg/m2, and obesity was defined as a BMI ≥27.5 kg/m2. Frequency of watching television was the main independent variable of this study, which was divided into the following three categories: not watching television at all, watching television less than once a week, and watching television at least once a week. Multilevel ordered logistic regression was conducted to find the factors associated with overweight and obesity. A p-value \u3c0.05 was considered significant in the final model. Results Around 35% of the participants were overweight or obese (overweight: 23.7% and obese: 11.6%). A majority of the study participants was aged between 15 and 24 years (36.5%), and resided in an urban area (63.2%), Province No. 3 (22.3%), and the Terai ecological region (49.5%). Around one-third (34.0%) of the participants received no formal education while an almost similar proportion (35.5%) completed secondary education. Approximately half of the study participants (50.6%) reported watching television at least once a week, whereas more than a quarter (28.7%) of them did not watch television at all. Women who watched television at least once a day had a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity than the other groups (p-value \u3c0.0001). Women who watched television at least once a week were 1.3 times more likely to be overweight or obese in comparison to women who never watched television (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0–1.7; p-value \u3c0.05). In the urban areas, women who watched television at least once a week were 40% more likely to be overweight or obese than those who did not watch television at all (AOR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1–1.7; p-value \u3c0.01). No significant association between overweight and obesity and the frequency of viewing television was observed in the rural area. Conclusions Watching television at least once a week is associated with overweight and obesity in women of reproductive age living in the urban areas of Nepal. Public health promotion programs should raise awareness among women regarding harmful health consequences of sedentary lifestyle due to television watching

Obesity and abdominal obesity in Indian population:findings from a nationally representative study of 698,286 participants

Abstract This study aims to determine and compare the prevalence and correlates of obesity and abdominal obesity in India among participants aged 18–54 years. Data were acquired from the nationally representative National Family Health Survey 2019–21. Age and sex standardized descriptive analyses were conducted to determine the prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity, and multivariable multilevel logistic regression was performed to identify the factors associated with these conditions. Gender-specific analyses were also conducted. The sample weight was adjusted throughout. The final sample size for this study was 698,286. The prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity was 13.85% and 57.71%, respectively. Older age, being female, increased educational status and increased wealth index, being married at any point, and residing in an urban area all increased the odds of both obesity and abdominal obesity. Being a resident of the North zone and having a current alcohol intake increased the odds of abdominal obesity. On the other hand, being a resident of the South zone of India increased the odds of obesity. Targeting these high-risk groups can be a strategy for public health promotion programs