A retrospective study to analyse the rate of caesarean section according to Robson's 10 group classification in a peripheral hospital in a metropolitan city

Background: In the past several decades, a pattern of rapid increases in Caesarean section (CS) delivery rates has been observed worldwide, as also in India. It is important to identify the reason behind the rising rates of CS since they can pose unnecessary risks to the mother and the neonate. The aim of the study was to analyse the CS rate in the ten groups as per Robson’s ten group classification, in a peripheral hospital in a metropolitan city. By this study we have tried to identify specific groups of women to be targeted to reduce CS rates.Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out at a peripheral hospital in Mumbai, India. It included all women who had delivered in the hospital from January, 2019 to December, 2019. The sample size was 2603.Results: Under this study, we found out that the rate of CS delivery is higher than what is recommended by WHO in Robson’s group 2, 5 and 6.Conclusions: This study will help us carry out targeted interventions so as to reduce the CS rates in these groups

Comparison of HRCT of chest findings in different waves during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective descriptive study in COVID dedicated hospital in Bangladesh

Background: The existing COVID-19 epidemic has affected masses of people universally, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Radiological imaging methods such as high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), computed tomography (CT) and chest x-ray have played an essential role in diagnosing and managing COVID-19. Methods: This cross-sectional and observational study was conducted in the department of radiology and imaging, Kurmitola General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, a COVID dedicated hospital. A total number of 469 patients (N=469) from ≤20 to ≥90 years old were included in the study. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Results: Based on distribution by age group, the highest number of cases in all three waves were among individuals aged 51-60 (126, 26.9%), followed by those aged 61-70 (97, 20.7%) and 41-50 (90, 19.2%). Among the patients with subtle GGO, the proportion of cases was highest in the first wave, followed by a decrease in the second wave and a further decrease in the third wave. The proportion of patients with SCL was highest in the second (44.9%) wave and decreased in the third (5.9%) wave. For both LUL and LLL, the majority of cases with radiological were observed in the “yes” group in all waves, with significantly higher proportions in the “yes” group compared to the “no” group (p value <0.001). Conclusions: The findings highlighted the significance of incorporating routine radiological examinations and monitoring of radiological features in managing and treating COVID-19 patients. The findings in the study also suggested that the percentage of lung involvement increased from the first to the third wave of COVID-19, which is consistent with the increasing trend of COVID-19 cases during the same period

Personality Traits of Substance Users in Bangladesh

Background: Drug taking behavior and drug dependence is a multi-factorial disorder. Personality is a very important determining factor of drug dependence. Objectives: To find out the possible relationship between personality traits and substance use disorders. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional and case-control study conducted in the department of Psychiatry of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and Central Drug Addiction Treatment Center, Dhaka for a period of one year (January 2005 to December 2005). From five hundred respondents, 250 had the history of substance use disorders selected as case, and equal number were age, sex, habitat and economic background matched controls were taken. Personality traits of both cases and control were measured by applying Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Results: Mean ± SD psychoticism (8.42±3 vs 4.33±1.8), Neuroticism (11.89±2.3 vs 9.83±2) were significantly higher (P<0.01) in cases than controls. It was found that psychoticism was 2.3 times and neurticism was 1.7 times higher in substance users than that of controls. There were no significant differences of mean distribution of extroversion and lie scales among the cases & controls. This study also revealed that, there was no significant relationship between personality traits and different variables related to substance use except that psychoticism was significantly higher in those substance users who had have positive history of troubles with law than those having no history of trouble with law (8.82±3.2 & 7.95±2.7 respectively). Conclusion: Personality traits may have an influence on persons with substance use disorder which detoriates quality of life. Key words: Drug dependence; Personality; Psychoticism; Neuroticism; Extraversion; Lie scale. DOI: 10.3329/bsmmuj.v3i2.7056BSMMU J 2010; 3(2): 76-8

Personality Traits of Substance Users in Bangladesh

Background: Drug taking behavior and drug dependence is a multi-factorial disorder. Personality is a very important determining factor of drug dependence. Objectives: To find out the possible relationship between personality traits and substance use disorders. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional and case-control study conducted in the department of Psychiatry of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and Central Drug Addiction Treatment Center, Dhaka for a period of one year (January 2005 to December 2005). From five hundred respondents, 250 had the history of substance use disorders selected as case, and equal number were age, sex, habitat and economic background matched controls were taken. Personality traits of both cases and control were measured by applying Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Results: Mean ± SD psychoticism (8.42±3 vs 4.33±1.8), Neuroticism (11.89±2.3 vs 9.83±2) were significantly higher (P<0.01) in cases than controls. It was found that psychoticism was 2.3 times and neurticism was 1.7 times higher in substance users than that of controls. There were no significant differences of mean distribution of extroversion and lie scales among the cases & controls. This study also revealed that, there was no significant relationship between personality traits and different variables related to substance use except that psychoticism was significantly higher in those substance users who had have positive history of troubles with law than those having no history of trouble with law (8.82±3.2 & 7.95±2.7 respectively). Conclusion: Personality traits may have an influence on persons with substance use disorder which detoriates quality of life. Key words: Drug dependence; Personality; Psychoticism; Neuroticism; Extraversion; Lie scale. DOI: 10.3329/bsmmuj.v3i2.7056BSMMU J 2010; 3(2): 76-8

Psychiatric Morbidity Among Suicide Attempters Who Needed ICU Intervention

Background: Suicide is a tragic and serious but preventable public health problem all over the world including Bangladesh. Committing suicide has become a burning issue and mortality rate increases especially in young females. Psychiatric evaluation is needed in suicide attempted patients for better management plan to reduce such unnatural mortality, as well as the impairment related to suicidal thought and psychiatric disorders. Objectives: To assess the psychiatric disorders and conditions that needed sufficient clinical attention among the suicide attempters who needed ICU intervention. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a private hospital of Dhaka City from July 2008 to December 2008. Total forty four subjects of attempted suicide were included in the study and psychiatric diagnosis was made by using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV by psychiatrists after initial physical problems subsided. Results: The most common psychiatric diagnosis was Major Depressive Disorder. Female suffered more and among them attention-seeking behaviors were frequent. Thirty-four patients (77.3%) had previous history of psychiatric disorder. Chemicals (like; organophosphorous, kerosene, harpic and other medicine overdose) ingestion was the most frequently used method by the suicide attempters. Conclusion: This study may be helpful for further research regarding suicide attempters and its' association with mental problems. In primary health care setting, the physicians may get a clue to design a system for preventing, early recognition and managing suicidal ideas, thoughts and attempts. Psychiatric consultation should be made mandatory for all patients admitted following attempted suicide. DOI: 10.3329/bsmmuj.v2i2.4761 BSMMU J 2009; 2(2): 73-7

Multiple Assessments on the Gamma-Ray Protection Properties of Niobium-Doped Borotellurite Glasses: A Wide Range Investigation Using Monte Carlo Simulations

In this study, the monotonic effect of Ta2O5 and ZrO2 in some selected borotellurite glasses was investigated in terms of their impact on gamma-ray-shielding competencies. Accordingly, three niobium-reinforced borotellurite glasses (S1 : 75TeO(2) + 15B(2)O(3) + 10Nb(2)O(5), S2 : 75TeO(2) + 15B(2)O(3) + 9Nb(2)O(5) + 1Ta(2)O(5), and S3 : 75TeO(2) + 15B(2)O(3) + 8Nb(2)O(5) + 1Ta(2)O(5) + 1ZrO(2)) were modelled in the general-purpose MCNPX Monte Carlo code. They have been defined as an attenuator sample between the point isotropic gamma-ray source and the detector in terms of determining their attenuation coefficients. To verify the MC results, attenuation coefficients were then compared with the Phy-X/PSD program data. Our findings clearly demonstrate that although some behavioral changes occurred in the shielding qualities, modest improvements occurred in the attenuation properties depending on the modifier variation and its magnitude. However, the replacement of 2% moles of Nb2O5 with 1% mole of Ta2O5 and 1% mole of ZrO2 provided significant improvements in both glass density and attenuation properties against gamma rays. Finally, the HVL values of the S3 sample were compared with some glass- and concrete-shielding materials and the S3 sample was reported for its outstanding properties. As a consequence of this investigation, it can be concluded that the indicated type of additive to be added to borotellurite glasses will provide some advantages, particularly when used in radiation fields, by increasing the shielding qualities moderately

Waste biorefinery to produce renewable energy: Bioconversion process and circular bioeconomy

Continual global energy scarcity and its future challenges, as well as environmental disasters, are causing global devastation. Additionally, a substantial quantity of food is being wasted regularly. Therefore, the adoption of circular bioeconomy principles and the bioconversion of wasted food appears to be both highly advantageous and urgently required. However, previous studies have placed limited emphasis on the technological progress and circular bioeconomy aspects associated with the bioconversion of wasted food. The present review thus investigates how mass-generated food waste can be used to produce valuable bioproducts through bioconversion techniques such as oleaginous metabolism, anaerobic fermentation, and solventogenesis. These techniques have attracted considerable interest due to their eco-friendly and resource-recycling capacities, as well as their efficiency and sustainability. The paper also discusses approaches to integrate biorefineries within existing economies to establish a circular bioeconomy and analyses the challenges as well as the techno-economic, environmental and life cycle scenarios of these approaches. Analysis of the techno-economic and environmental effects reveals that food waste biorefineries can be lucrative if certain pathways are maintained. The environmental impact of bioconversion methods that produce valuable bioproducts is also found to be substantially lower than that of conventional methods. Integrating bioconversion processes further improves the efficiency of the process and sustainably recovers resources. Developing a circular bioeconomy requires the adoption of a biorefinery strategy with an integrated approach

The significant role of WO3 on high-dense BaO-P2O3 glasses: transmission factors and a comparative investigation using commercial and other types of shields

The direct effects of tungsten trioxide (WO3) on gamma radiation attenuation properties of tungsten/barium/phosphate glasses with chemical form xWO(3)-(50-x/2)BaO-(50-x/2)P2O3, x = 0 (S1)-60 (S7) in steps of 10 mol% has been investigated. To this end, Phy-X/PSD software and Monte Carlo code were applied. The increased amount of WO3 in the glass composition, on the other hand, contributed positively to the increase in density and radiation sensing properties. At the lowest and highest WO3 contributions, a nearly twofold increase in HVL value was seen for the S1 and S7 glass samples, respectively, with S7 having the lowest HVL values. The HVL has obeyed the trend as: (HVL)(S1) > (HVL)(S2) > (HVL)(S3) > (HVL)(S4) > (HVL)(S5) > (HVL)(S6) > (HVL)(S7). The variation of the tenth value layer (TVL) for all studied glasses has the same trend of HVL. In terms of mean free path (MFP), there was negative effect of WO3 concentration on the trend of MFP. Consequently, S7 glass sample has the lowest values of MFP, while the S1 glass sample has the highest values. Therefore, (MFP)(S1) > (MFP)(S2) > (MFP)(S3) > (MFP)(S4) > (MFP)(S5) > (MFP)(S6) > (MFP)(S7). A comparison of the HVL of S7 glass sample with some commercial radiation shielding materials such as different types of concrete and RS-253-G18 glasses has been performed and concluded that the S7 glass sample is superior as radiation shielding material than several commercial materials. It can be concluded that WO3 reinforcement serves a multipurpose of increasing the density and hence the gamma-ray-shielding characteristics of comparable glass compositions

Transmission Factor (TF) Behavior of Bi2O3-TeO2-Na2O-TiO2-ZnO Glass System: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study

The main objective of the present work was to assess the gamma radiation shielding competencies and gamma radiation transmission factors (TFs) for some tellurite glasses in the form of Bi2O3-TeO2-Na2O-TiO2-ZnO. MCNPX general-purpose Monte Carlo code (version 2.6.0) was utilized for the determination of TF values at various well-known radioisotope energies for different glass thicknesses from 0.5 cm to 3 cm. Moreover, some important gamma ray shielding properties were also determined in the 0.015-15 MeV energy range. The results show that glass densities were improved from 5.401 g/cm(3) to 6.138 g center dot cm(3) as a function of Bi2O3 increment in the glass composition. A S5 glass sample with the maximum Bi2O3 additive was reported with superior gamma ray shielding properties among the studied glasses. It can be concluded that Bi2O3 can be used as a functional tool in terms of improving glass density and, accordingly, gamma ray shielding attenuation properties of tellurite glasses, where the role Bi2O3 is also critical for other material properties, such as structural, optical, and mechanical