79 research outputs found
Specific features of reperfusion therapy for vertebrobasilar ischemic stroke
Ischemic stroke in the vertebrobasilar system (VBS) is characterized by the high rates of death and disability; reperfusion therapy in patients with a lesion focus in the VBS is safe and effective beyond the 4.5-hour therapeutic window. Actively developed current methods for the endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke enable one to increase recanalization rates and hence to improve the degree of functional recovery in this group of patients. Considering that there are no significant differences in the outcomes of systemic and selective thrombolytic therapy in patients with occlusion of the basilar arteries, the urgent problem is to increase the time from the onset of the disease to reperfusion therapy, therefore combined reperfusion therapy may be an optimal option. This approach would make it possible to initiate the therapy in a shorter period of time and to use the advantages of both reperfusion techniques. Intravenous thrombolysis as the rapidest and technically simplest method may be performed in the first step of therapy in the clinics unequipped with an X-ray surgical service, with the patient being further transported to a specialized endovascular center if the intravenous injection of a thrombolytic agent has no effect. Taking into account the fact that reperfusion therapy may be performed in patients with vertebrobasilar stroke in the wider therapeutic window, a similar organizational chart with multistep therapy for this disease might become the treatment of choice
ΠΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°
Background. Acute cerebrovascular accidents in general, and ischemic stroke (IS) in particular, are multifactorial diseases with extremely heterogeneous and numerous risk factors. Currently, despite the development of diagnostic technologies, in approximately 25% of patients with IS, it is not possible to establish the causes and mechanism of its development (the so-called cryptogenic stroke (CS)). As a result, the optimal antithrombotic therapy as a secondary prevention in this group of patients remains unclear. It was found that in 10β20% of patients with CS, a detailed examination reveals oncological disease (OD). It is highly likely that the prevalence of OD-related IS will increase. The US National Cancer Registry has shown a decrease in mortality in patients with the most common forms of OD (lung, breast and prostate cancer). Active OD is a proven risk factor for both IS and other thrombotic events. Nevertheless, about 50% of IS in patients with OD are classified as cryptogenic, which significantly exceeds this indicator in patients without OD. This is associated with the difficulties of intravital diagnosis of the pathogenetic mechanism of IS in patients with OD.Aim of study. Raising the awareness of neurologists about the causes, pathogenetic mechanisms of development and methods of diagnosing IS in patients with OD.Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, the results of scientific research on OD as a risk factor for CS were analyzed. The literature search was carried out in electronic search engines Scopus, eLibrary, PubMed by keywords: ischemic stroke, cryptogenic stroke, cancer, pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Scientific articles published between 1856 and 2021 were selected for analysis, 45% of the analyzed papers on the topic of CS were published not earlier than 5 years ago.Conclusion. The cause of the development of ischemic stroke can be both the oncological process itself and the means and methods of treating it. Despite the fact that in 10β20% of patients with cryptogenic stroke OD is diagnosed, the question remains whether patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke should be screened for latent oncological pathology, and if so, how full should the screening be. Typical radiological patterns of ischemic stroke in patients with OD are multiple foci of acute cerebral ischemia in different vascular areas, which may indicate a cardioembolic nature and, in particular, non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis. Lifetime diagnosis of the causes of cryptogenic stroke in patients with OD is extremely difficult. Since nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis is one of the leading causes of cryptogenic stroke in the setting of cancer, it is advisable to perform transesophageal echocardiography due to the low sensitivity of transthoracic echocardiography.Β ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΡΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡ (ΠΠ) Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π½Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Ρ 25% ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΠ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡ (ΠΠ)), Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ 10β20% ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΠ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (ΠΠ). ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΌΠ° Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΠΠ, Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡ Π‘Π¨Π ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π» ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠ (ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
, Π³ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡ). ΠΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΠ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΠ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠΉ. Π’Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 50% ΠΠ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΠ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π±Π΅Π· ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΠ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΠ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ-Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ
, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΠ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΠ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΠ. ΠΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
Scopus, eLibrary, PubMed ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΌ: ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡ, ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡ, ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π· ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Ρ 1856 ΠΏΠΎ 2021 Π³ΠΎΠ΄. 45% ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΠ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 5 Π»Π΅Ρ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΄.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ Ρ 10β20% ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ, Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ½Π³ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ, ΠΈ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π°, ΡΠΎ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅. Π’ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ° Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Π°Ρ
, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΈΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π°. Π’Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ.
Effect of cerebrolysin on motor function restoration during medical rehabilitation
Ischemic stroke (IS) is characterized by high prevalence, mortality, and disability rates. Therapy aimed to correct one biochemical or molecular stage of ischemic cell injury fails to treat stroke, suggesting that it is necessary to study multimodality therapy affecting several related pathophysiological components.The paper gives the January 2016 results of the randomized placebo-controlled multicenter study CARS that demonstrates the positive effect of cerebrolysin versus placebo according to the primary efficiency criterion, the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) scale, and total outcome 90 days after disease onset. The investigation enrolled mainly patients with moderate or severe IS (the mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 9 at baseline).The specific features of the CARS study versus those of other clinical trials of neuroprotectors were the initial planning of narrower end criteria of efficiency (arm motor function recovery whereas the major goal of many investigations was to reduce mortality rates), as well as a standardized rehabilitation program in both treatment groups. Such investigations did not previously take into account the nature and volume of rehabilitation measures although the latter may have a substantial impact on the outcome of stroke.The CARS study is the first among the previously conducted clinical trials of neuroprotectors, which has attained the primary objective (to restore motor function), which opens up fresh opportunities for the medical support of rehabilitation measures in patients with IS
Problems of Selecting an Anticoagulant for Secondary Stroke Prevention in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
The article describes the urgent problem of ischemic stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. It is proved that ischemic stroke in combination with AF is the most severe in terms of developing stable motor and speech disorders and disability. The frail older patients, as well as patients with swallowing disorders and reduced medical adherence present a special problem from this point of view. The most famous clinical studies on secondary prevention of cardioembolic stroke are RE-LY, ROCKET-AF, and ARISTOTLE. Based on subanalyses of randomized controlled trials, direct oral anticoagulants demonstrated a favorable efficacy profile in patients with atrial fibrillation and stroke/ transient ischemic attack, but the level of knowledge on each of them remained different. A number of advantages of rivaroxaban for primary and secondary prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation, including the elderly and patients with cognitive impairments and swallowing disorders, have been demonstrated. Β© 2021 Vserossiiskoe Obshchestvo Kardiologov. All rights reserved.Relationships and Activities. This publication was supported by AO Bayer (PPM_RIVRU00581)
The role of smoking in the development of strokes at a young age
Stroke in young patients is a disease based on a number of known specific non-modifiable factors (extracranial artery dissection, thrombophilia, open oval hole, etc.) and modifiable factors (alcohol abuse, drug use, smoking, etc.), in combination leading to the development of pathology. Smoking is a generally recognized modifiable risk factor for stroke, which is directly proportional to the number of tobacco-containing products smoked. Quitting smoking is the basis of prevention, an integral part of the treatment and rehabilitation of stroke patients. If it is impossible to completely give up smoking combustible cigarettes, it is advisable to switch to alternative smokeless products. This article presents the results of current studies on the comparative assessment of the risk of stroke in young people when using combustible cigarettes and smokeless analogues
Embolic strokes of undetermined source: prevalence and patient features in the ESUS Global Registry
Background:
Recent evidence supports that most non-lacunar cryptogenic strokes are embolic. Accordingly, these strokes have been designated as embolic strokes of undetermined source (ESUS).
Aims:
We undertook an international survey to characterize the frequency and clinical features of ESUS patients across global regions.
Methods:
Consecutive patients hospitalized for ischemic stroke were retrospectively surveyed from 19 stroke research centers in 19 different countries to collect patients meeting criteria for ESUS.
Results:
Of 2144 patients with recent ischemic stroke, 351 (16%, 95% CI 15% to 18%) met ESUS criteria, similar across global regions (range 16% to 21%), and an additional 308 (14%) patients had incomplete evaluation required for ESUS diagnosis. The mean age of ESUS patients (62 years; SDβ=β15) was significantly lower than the 1793 non-ESUS ischemic stroke patients (68 years, pββ€β0.001). Excluding patients with atrial fibrillation (nβ=β590, mean ageβ=β75 years), the mean age of the remaining 1203 non-ESUS ischemic stroke patients was 64 years (pβ=β0.02 vs. ESUS patients). Among ESUS patients, hypertension, diabetes, and prior stroke were present in 64%, 25%, and 17%, respectively. Median NIHSS score was 4 (interquartile range 2β8). At discharge, 90% of ESUS patients received antiplatelet therapy and 7% received anticoagulation.
Conclusions:
This cross-sectional global sample of patients with recent ischemic stroke shows that one-sixth met criteria for ESUS, with additional ESUS patients likely among those with incomplete diagnostic investigation. ESUS patients were relatively young with mild strokes. Antiplatelet therapy was the standard antithrombotic therapy for secondary stroke prevention in all global regions
Global survey of the frequency of atrial fibrillation-associated stroke: embolic stroke of undetermined source global registry
Background and PurposeβAtrial fibrillation (AF) is increasingly recognized as the single most important cause of disabling ischemic stroke in the elderly. We undertook an international survey to characterize the frequency of AF-associated stroke, methods of AF detection, and patient features.
MethodsβConsecutive patients hospitalized for ischemic stroke in 2013 to 2014 were surveyed from 19 stroke research centers in 19 different countries. Data were analyzed by global regions and World Bank income levels.
ResultsβOf 2144 patients with ischemic stroke, 590 (28%; 95% confidence interval, 25.6β29.5) had AF-associated stroke, with highest frequencies in North America (35%) and Europe (33%) and lowest in Latin America (17%). Most had a history of AF before stroke (15%) or newly detected AF on electrocardiography (10%); only 2% of patients with ischemic stroke had unsuspected AF detected by poststroke cardiac rhythm monitoring. The mean age and 30-day mortality rate of patients with AF-associated stroke (75 years; SD, 11.5 years; 10%; 95% confidence interval, 7.6β12.6, respectively) were substantially higher than those of patients without AF (64 years; SD, 15.58 years; 4%; 95% confidence interval, 3.3β5.4; P<0.001 for both comparisons). There was a strong positive correlation between the mean age and the frequency of AF (r=0.76; P=0.0002).
ConclusionsβThis cross-sectional global sample of patients with recent ischemic stroke shows a substantial frequency of AF-associated stroke throughout the world in proportion to the mean age of the stroke population. Most AF is identified by history or electrocardiography; the yield of conventional short-duration cardiac rhythm monitoring is relatively low. Patients with AF-associated stroke were typically elderly (>75 years old) and more often women
Evaluation of Synthetic Conditions for H3PO4 Chemically Activated Rice Husk and Preparation of Honeycomb Monoliths
Activated carbons in this work were prepared from rice husk by phosphoric acid activation followed by alkaline desilication. Pseudo-random selection of 16 rice husk samples was subjected to carbonization at the
following conditions: 0.5 to 2 h of activation time, 300-600 ΒΊΠ‘ and Π3Π Π4/precursor (wt/wt) impregnation ratio of 0.5 to 2. Concentration of NaOH desilication solution varied from 0.5 to 2M. It was found that out of the four factors impregnation ratio is clearly the strongest and at the impregnation ratio of 2 for 1 h at 500 Β°C N2 BET-surface area reaches 1690 m2/g (SBET (Ar)=2492 m2/g) while pore volume becomes 1.95 cm3/g. Elemental analysis showed highest carbon content for this sample (87.96%). All samples have insignificant amount of Si and traces of metals, but considerable amount of phosphorus. Blocks of honeycomb structure prepared from Ca-montmorillonite and desilicated carbonized rice husk (impregnation ratio is 1.5, 1 h at 600 ΒΊC) have BET-surface area obtained by thermal desorption of argon up to 856 m2/g
Problems of selecting an anticoagulant for secondary stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation
In-vitro Optimization of Nanoparticle-Cell Labeling Protocols for In-vivo Cell Tracking Applications.
Recent advances in theranostic nanomedicine can promote stem cell and immune cell-based therapy. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been shown to be promising agents for in-vivo cell-tracking in cell-based therapy applications. Yet a crucial challenge is to develop a reliable protocol for cell upload with, on the one hand, sufficient nanoparticles to achieve maximum visibility of cells, while on the other hand, assuring minimal effect of particles on cell function and viability. Previous studies have demonstrated that the physicochemical parameters of GNPs have a critical impact on their efficient uptake by cells. In the current study we have examined possible variations in GNP uptake, resulting from different incubation period and concentrations in different cell-lines. We have found that GNPs effectively labeled three different cell-lines - stem, immune and cancer cells, with minimal impairment to cell viability and functionality. We further found that uptake efficiency of GNPs into cells stabilized after a short period of time, while GNP concentration had a significant impact on cellular uptake, revealing cell-dependent differences. Our results suggest that while heeding the slight variations within cell lines, modifying the loading time and concentration of GNPs, can promote cell visibility in various nanoparticle-dependent in-vivo cell tracking and imaging applications.Israel Cancer Research Fund (ICRF), Israel Science Foundation (grant #749/14), Christians for Israel Chair in Medical Researc
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