Opportunies of Urban Horticulture for Poverty Alleviation in Dar es Salaam city, Tanzania A Case study of Ubungo Municipality

The study was conducted to explore the opportunities of the urban agriculture focusing on vegetable and ornamental flowers production towards poverty reduction and alleviation in Dar es Salaam city, a case study of Ubungo Municipality. A non-random (availability) and purposive sampling methods were used to select 240 smallholder farmers and 16 local government officers as crucial informants respectively. The data were collected by using observation, questionnaires, interviews and documentary reviews. The collected data were coded and analyzed by using the SPSS. The study revealed that production of urban vegetable and ornamental flowers has a significant positive contribution towards the increase in availability and accessibility of food security, nutrients and income generation for the improvement of essential social services such as water, electricity, health, and education. It is recommended that the government and other stakeholders should recognize and provide more support to this sector for sustainable developmen

Factors Influencing the Growth of Floriculture. A case study of Kinondoni Municipality, Dar es Salaam city in Tanzania

A study to evaluate the factors influencing the growth of floriculture and its contribution to the community livelihoods was conducted in Dar es Salaam city, using Kinondoni Municipality as a case study. Specifically, the study intended to (i) explore the influential factors for the growth of floriculture in the case study (ii) examine the socio-economic contribution of floriculture to the local community livelihoods (iii) identify the challenges facing the floriculture and (iv) suggest remedies towards the challenges. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to get a total of 60 respondents. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches to collect data. Data were collected through observations, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The results of the study show that income generation, availability of open spaces (road reserves), shortage of other employment opportunities, high demand, environmental conservation are the main factors for growth of the floriculture. Low markets, shortage of the water supply services, informality, the eruption of pests and diseases and a shortage of working tools were revealed as significant challenges facing the floricultural business. To improve this business, it suggested that the government must recognize floriculture as a business. It should provide more support in terms of the improvements of the water supply services, provision subsidy, aids and loans of the low conditionality to the smallholder farmers

Interleukin-1: The Pros and Cons of Its Clinical Relevance

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75148/1/j.1525-1594.1988.tb02759.x.pd

The overview of the legal and institutional framework for oil and natural gas sector in Tanzania. A review

One of the essential tools for management of the sectors including the oil and gas sector is the legislative and institutional structure. This paper reviews the overview of the current legal and institutional framework for energy resources development, with weight on oil and gas resources and their critical significance to socio-economic and political development. It affords a comparative account of some new features and on-going trends of the activities conducted by the institutions for sustainable development of the oil and natural gas sector in Tanzania

An overview of the oil and natural gas revenue management in Tanzania. A mini review

Management of oil and gas resources or revenues from trans-boundary or disputes areas has always been an issue of controversy in most oil and gas resource-rich countries. Tanzania is among the developing countries which rise with rich in oil and gas resources. It requires more attention on how the revenues generated from these resources should be utilized sustainably. This paper, therefore, provides the current overview of the tools and institutions that offer the guidelines on oil and gas revenue management and distribution

An overview of the natural gas sector in Tanzania - Achievements and challenges

In the recent years, Tanzania has discovered a lot of natural gas reserves which are expected to influence positively the socio-economic and political development of the nation. It provides the potential opportunities to government, domestic and foreign companies and thelocal community. However, the main objective of any natural resource management is to assist the country to realizethe actual economic growth of its people. This paper, therefore, is intended to provide the overview of the natural gas sector in Tanzania. It analyses natural gas history, reserves, extraction and supply; infrastructure; market and pricing; and it moreover, evaluates the achievements and challenges facing the natural gas industry development

Impaired endotoxin-induced interleukin-1β secretion, not total production, of mononuclear cells from ESRD patients

Impaired endotoxin-induced interleukin-1β secretion, not total production, of mononuclear cells from ESRD patients. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) production and secretion from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were determined in a longitudinal study with repeated measurements in PBMC from patients with chronic uremia not on hemodialysis (N = 8), end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients (N = 8), and healthy controls (N = 7). ESRD patients were studied while using low-flux Cuprophan dialyzers and again using high-flux AN 69 dialyzers. Total (cell-associated plus secreted) LPS-induced IL-1β production was enhanced in uremic patients, but similar to controls in ESRD patients on Cuprophan. In contrast, LPS-induced IL-1β secretion (secreted amounts in % of total production) was similar to controls in uremic patients, but significantly reduced in ESRD patients on Cuprophan (P < 0.01). During AN 69 hemodialysis, LPS-induced total IL-1β production remained unchanged but IL-1β secretion increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared to Cuprophan dialysis. Increased IL-1β secretion coincided with a suppression in PGE2 synthesis (P < 0.02). Similarly, blockade of endogenous PGE2 by indomethacin increased LPS-induced IL-1β secretion (P < 0.01) but did not enhance total IL-1β production in PBMC from controls and patients on Cuprophan hemodialysis. Neither total production nor secretion of TNFα was different comparing the three study groups. We conclude that LPS-induced IL-1β secretion, but not total production, is impaired in PBMC from ESRD patients on long-term Cuprophan hemodialysis. This functional change in the PBMC response is specific for IL-1β, not due to uremia per se but hemodialysis-dependent and reversible. Hemodialysis with AN 69 suppresses endogenous PGE2 synthesis in PBMC which is associated with increased LPS-induced IL-1β secretion in the presence of unchanged total IL-1β production. We speculate that PGE2 could inactivate the IL-1β converting enzyme which is essential for processing and secretion of mature IL-1β

Splenectomy for splenomegaly and secondary hypersplenism

Splenomegaly and secondary hypersplenism may be associated with acute and chronic infections, autoimmune states, portal hypertension or splenic vein thrombosis, and a number of infiltrative and neoplastic conditions involving the spleen. Our experience and that of others with these various conditions demonstrates that the decision to perform splenectomy should be based on well-defined and often strictly limited indications. Except for idiopathic splenomegaly, the presence and severity of secondary hypersplenism or severely symptomatic splenomegaly should be well documented. In each case, the potential for palliation and known mean duration of expected response must be weighed against the increased morbidity and mortality of splenectomy (as compared to operation for “primary” hypersplenism) . La splénomégalie avec hypersplénisme secondaire relève de multiples causes: infection aigue ou chronique, états autoimmunologiques, hypertension portale, thrombose de la veine splénique, lésions tumorales spléniques. L'expérience de l'auteur qui rejoint celle de nombreux collègues lui permet d'affirmer que les indications de la splénectomie doivent être bien définies et sont strictement limitées. A l'exception de la splénomégalie idiopathique, l'existence et l'intensité de l'hypersplénisme, l'importance des symptomes provoqués par la splénomégalie doivent être aprréciées avec précision. Dans chaque cas le potentiel de la rémission de l'affection et la durée de la rémission doivent être pris en considération en fonction de l'éventuelle morbidité et de l'éventuelle mortalité de la splénectomie (par comparaison avec la splénectomie pour hypersplénisme primaire). Eplenomegalia e hiperesplenismo secundario pueden estar asociados con infecciones agudas y crónicas, estados autoinmunes (síndrome de Felty, lupus eritematoso sistémico), “esplenomegalia congestiva” por hipertensión portal o trombosis de la vena esplénica y con una variedad de entidades de tipo infiltrativo y neoplásico que afectan al bazo (sarcoidosis, enfermedad de Gaucher, varios desórdenes mieloproliferativos y linfomas). Nuestra experiencia, y aquella de otros autores, con tales condiciones demuestra que la decisión de realizar esplenectomía debe estar fundamentada en indicaciones bien definidas y estrictamente limitadas. Excepto en casos de esplenomegalia idiopática, la presencia y severidad del hiperesplenismo secundario o de esplenomegalia severamente sintomática debe ser bien documentada. En cada caso debe determinarse el potencial de paliación y la duración de la respuesta que se espera obtener frente a la incrementada morbilidad y mortalidad de la esplenectomía (en comparación con la operación que se realiza por hiperesplenismo “primario”).Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/41318/1/268_2005_Article_BF01655279.pd