An Experimental Examination of Competitor-Based Price Matching Guarantees

We use experimental methods to demonstrate the anti-competitive potential of price matching guarantees in both symmetric and asymmetric cost duopolies. Our findings establish that when costs are symmetric, price-matching guarantees significantly increase market prices. In markets with cost asymmetries, guaranteed prices remain high relative to prices without the use of guarantees, but the overall ability of price guarantees to act as a collusion facilitating device becomes contingent on the relative cost difference. Lesser use of guarantees, combined with lower average prices and slower convergence to the collusive level, suggest that the mere presence of cost asymmetries may curtail collusive behavior.Price Matching; Price Guarantees; Laboratory; Collusion

Best-of-Three Contests: Experimental Evidence

We conduct an experimental analysis of a best-of-three Tullock contest. Intermediate prizes lead to higher efforts, while increasing the role of luck (as opposed to effort) leads to lower efforts. Both intermediate prizes and luck reduce the probability of contest ending in two rounds. The patterns of players? efforts and the probability that a contest ends in two rounds is consistent with „strategic momentum?, i.e. momentum generated due to strategic incentives inherent in the contest. We do not find evidence for „psychological momentum?, i.e. momentum which emerges when winning affects players? confidence. Similar to previous studies of contests, we find significantly higher efforts than predicted and strong heterogeneity in effort between subjects.best-of-three contest, experiments, strategic momentum, psychological momentum

Electromagnetic Energy of Vacuum and its conversion by Energy efficient Hydroxy Gas Generators

Energy efficient Hydroxy Gas Generators Produces Mixture of hydrogen and oxygen Gas in (stoichiometric ratio 2:1) in energy efficient way.Hydroxy Gas can be used in Internal combustion Engine as well as in different Industrial Process and Gas Turbine Also .These gas Generators Uses Voltage simulation Process to Separate water in to its component, for this water is kept in Strong Electric Field between the capacitor Plates, Due to strong electric field between capacitor Plates Water molecule gets elongated and finally dissociates in to its component, in this Process Electric Fields works on water Molecule as the water serves as a dielectric medium between capacitor before dissociation so current in circuit is very Low so Power consumption is very Less[1].For this Hydroxy Gas Generators use Zero Point Energy of Vacuum inside void space of Hydrogen and oxygen atoms of water molecule.  In the Present Paper we will discuss what Vacuum Electromagnetic energy is and how it changes in to Energy of an Electric Field to Perform Useful work

Energy efficient Hydroxy Gas generator

As requirement regarding energy consumption increases we are switching over the unconventional methods such as Nuclear Fuel, Solar Power etc, and In Present situation we have to take care of our environment also ,In many countries research are going on Unconventional resources of energies and different type of unconventional Fuels. Few researchers working on mixture of Hydrogen and oxygen(stoichiometric ratio 2:1, i.e Hydroxy Gas) , and use this mixture as a fuel in internal combustion engines ,As the calorific value of hydrogen is quite high so we can use this mixture as a fuel in all type of combustion heat engines. This type of Heat engines requires Hydrogen and oxygen mixture as a Fuel, so we require Gas generators which can Produce Fuel mixture (Mixture of hydrogen and oxygen) on demand. In present paper we will discuss such method in which we will limit the current to a minimum value (in order of miliampere) and water is separated by voltage simulation process

Analysis of Optimal Process Flow Diagrams of Light Naphtha Isomerization Process by Mathematic Modelling Method

An approach to simulation of hydrocarbons refining processes catalytic reactors. The kinetic and thermodynamic research of light naphtha isomerization process was conducted. The kinetic parameters of hydrocarbon feedstock chemical conversion on different types of platinum-content catalysts was established. The estimation of efficiency of including different types of isomerization technologies in oil refinery flow diagram was performed

An Experimental Examination of Competitor-Based Price Matching Guarantees

We use experimental methods to demonstrate the anti-competitive potential of price matching guarantees in both symmetric and asymmetric cost duopolies. Our findings establish that when costs are symmetric, price-matching guarantees significantly increase market prices. In markets with cost asymmetries, guaranteed prices remain high relative to prices without the use of guarantees, but the overall ability of price guarantees to act as a collusion facilitating device becomes contingent on the relative cost difference. Lesser use of guarantees, combined with lower average prices and slower convergence to the collusive level, suggest that the mere presence of cost asymmetries may curtail collusive behavior

Introduction to Decision, Negotiation, Leadership, Social Communities and Technology Minitrack

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A persistent and dynamic East Greenland Ice Sheet over the past 7.5 million years

Climate models show that ice-sheet melt will dominate sea-level rise over the coming centuries, but our understanding of ice-sheet variations before the last interglacial 125,000 years ago remains fragmentary. This is because terrestrial deposits of ancient glacial and interglacial periods1,2,3 are overrun and eroded by more recent glacial advances, and are therefore usually rare, isolated and poorly dated4. In contrast, material shed almost continuously from continents is preserved as marine sediment that can be analysed to infer the time-varying state of major ice sheets. Here we show that the East Greenland Ice Sheet existed over the past 7.5 million years, as indicated by beryllium and aluminium isotopes (10Be and 26Al) in quartz sand removed by deep, ongoing glacial erosion on land and deposited offshore in the marine sedimentary record5,6. During the early Pleistocene epoch, ice cover in East Greenland was dynamic; in contrast, East Greenland was mostly ice-covered during the mid-to-late Pleistocene. The isotope record we present is consistent with distinct signatures of changes in ice sheet behaviour coincident with major climate transitions. Although our data are continuous, they are from low-deposition-rate sites and sourced only from East Greenland. Consequently, the signal of extensive deglaciation during short, intense interglacials could be missed or blurred, and we cannot distinguish between a remnant ice sheet in the East Greenland highlands and a diminished continent-wide ice sheet. A clearer constraint on the behaviour of the ice sheet during past and, ultimately, future interglacial warmth could be produced by 10Be and 26Al records from a coring site with a higher deposition rate. Nonetheless, our analysis challenges the possibility of complete and extended deglaciation over the past several million years

New Hampshire Effect: Behavior in Sequential and Simultaneous Multi-Battle Contests

Sequential multi-battle contests are predicted to induce lower expenditure than simultaneous contests. This prediction is a result of a “New Hampshire Effect” – a strategic advantage created by the winner of the first battle. Although our laboratory study provides evidence for the New Hampshire Effect, we find that sequential contests generate significantly higher (not lower) expenditure than simultaneous contests. This is mainly because in sequential contests, there is significant over-expenditure in all battles. We suggest sunk cost fallacy and utility of winning as two complementary explanations for this behavior and provide supporting evidence