Exchange Market Pressure in Australia

This paper measures the exchange market pressure (EMP) on the Australian dollar over the post-float period using the model-dependent approach proposed by Weymark (1995, 1998) and the model-independent approach developed by Eichengreen, Rose and Wyplosz (1996). Although there are some concerns over the estimation of the model-dependent index, the resulting EMP indices both appear to provide relatively plausible descriptions of the pressure on the Australian dollar. The role of foreign exchange intervention is examined through the construction of degree of intervention (DI) indices. The results reveal that intervention by the Reserve Bank of Australia contributed to the large depreciation of the Australian dollar between 1997 and 2001.exchange rate; exchange market pressure; foreign exchange intervention

The Effectiveness of Foreign Exchange Intervention in Australia: A Factor Model Approach with GARCH Specifications

This paper analyses the effectiveness of foreign exchange intervention by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA). Initially, a latent factor model is used to decompose the volatility of exchange rates into three unobserved factors - world, numeraire and idiosyncratic. Subsequently, the impact of foreign exchange rate intervention is examined by further decomposing the numeraire (Australian) factor into an intervention component and an unobserved component. An indirect estimation approach is employed to facilitate the imposition of GARCH structures on some of the unobserved factors. The empirical results suggest that less than three percent of observed exchange rate volatility is explained by RBA intervention.exchange rate, latent factor model, indirect estimation

A Perspective on Modelling the Real Trade Weighted Index Since the Float

exchange rates, cointegration

PERSEPSI KONSUMEN TELKOMSEL TERHADAP PROGRAM HOOQ DAN VIU

PT. Telkomsel present a new program for their loyal customers. In this program Telkomsel were collaborating with HOOQ which is a company that provide movie and video content services. Even local or international. This collaboration was an active form of Telkomsel to answer the digital trend challenge especially in the realm of digital entertainment. But this program was not welcomed by the customers of Telkomsel, it proved with a lot of negative comments that posted on many social media account of Telkomsel, like instagram, twitter, and facebook, also in comment field of HOOQ application and reader letters. Based on those problem, researcher want to do research about consumer perception towards HOOQ and VIU program. The concept used is concept of perception from Jalaludin Rahmat (2011). Perception is an experience about object event or relations that earned by concluding information and interpreting messages. This research using quantitative descriptive research method, data source obtained from primary and secondary source. The sampling technique used is judgement sampling with filed question through media questionnaire on telkomsel konsumer, with a samples of 50 respondents which use telkomsel provider. Based on research result about perception using benchmarks that include acceptance in a not good category. Attention in a not good category , Evaluation in a not good category , Expetation in a good category

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) transmission risk through infected cooked shrimp products assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bio-inoculation studies

The aim of the study was to evaluate the resistance of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in shrimps (Penaeus monodon) to the process of cooking. The cooking was carried out at 1000C six different durations 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 min. The presence of WSSV was tested by single step and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the single step PCR, the primers 1s5 & 1a16 and IK1 & IK2 were used. While in the nested PCR, primers IK1 &IK2 – IK3 & IK4 were used for the detection of WSSV. WSSV was detected in the single step PCR with the primers 1s5 and 1a16 and the nested PCR with the primers IK1 and IK2 – IK3 & IK4 from the cooked shrimp samples. The cooked shrimps, which gave positive results for WSSV by PCR, were further confirmed for the viability of WSSV by conducting the bio-inoculation studies. Mortality (100%) was observed within 123 h of intra-muscular post injection (P.I) into the live healthy WSSV-free shrimps (P. monodon). These results show that the WSSV survive the cooking process and even infected cooked shrimp products may pose a transmission risk for WSSV to the native shrimp farming systems

A Descriptive Study on Management of Neonatal Jaundice in Children Hospital Lahore

Introduction:Jaundice is a common and usually harmless condition in newborn babies, which refers to the yellow colour of the skin and whites of the eyes that happens when there is too much bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a pigment produced by your baby’s red blood cells. Lack of uniform guidelines and standard practice parameters for diagnosis and management of neonatal jaundice often leads many babies to develop unnoticed hyperbilirubinemia causing kernicterus and long term poor neurological sequlae.Objective: What are the techniques/medical treatment adopted in the children’s hospital, Lahore to manage the neonatal jaundice? Materials & methods: 100 babies with neonatal jaundice was considered for the research work. Self-structures questionnaires and convenient sampling techniques were adopted to collect the data from the participants.Results: The total outcome of the study revealed that there were 100 neonates with an average age of X̅= 2.47 days; standard deviation= 0.9, indicating that neonatal jaundice occurred most frequently between 1 and 7 days after birth. The average maternal age was X̅=27.68 years old, with a standard deviation of 3.68. Neonatal jaundice affects 62% of preterm newborns with low birth weight. While nursing had a p<0.05 relationship with the prevalence of NNJ. In the hospital, 80 percent of non-breastfed newborns were diagnosed with neonatal jaundice. There was an association between Apgar score and NNJ. The result showed a corresponding increase in the occurrence of NNJ as the Apgar score decreases. Phototherapy was found to be a more accurate technique for surviving newborns with NNJ, with a survival percentage of 95.65%. Conclusion: Literally, Antenatal and neonatal care should be improved and supported by all health care stakeholders if child millennium development goals would be achieved. Keywords:Neonatal jaundice, Pakistan, management, phototherapy, Intensive phototherapy, EBT, pre-term, term, American Academy of Pediatrics, hyperbilirubinaemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD),  NH (Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia), neonates, findings, neonatal ward etc.    DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/110-02 Publication date:August 31st 202

Flavonoids of Calophyllum inophyllum Linnaeus. C. von

Calophyllum inophyllum Linnaeus C.von (Syn.) Calophyllum bintagar Roxb of Guttifereae (Clusiaceae) is commonly known as ‘ Indian laurel’ or ‘Alexandhian laurel’ a broad-leaved evergreen tree occurring as a littoral species along the beach crests, sometimes seen inland. It is widely distributed and cultivated throughout tropics from West Africa to Pacific islands (as far) East-as Tahiti. It blossoms during March to October. Fresh flowers of Calophyllum inophyllum have been treated for their flavonoids contents. They are rich flavonol quercetin and flavonol glycosides quercitrin. They have been characterized with the help of modern physical methods like UV, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, chemical reactions, chromatographic techniques and hydrolytic studies

The 'unfinished business' of Malaysia's decolonisation: the origins of the Guthrie 'Dawn Raid'

In a 'dawn raid' on the London Stock Exchange on 7 September 1981, the premiere British rubber and oil palm conglomerate in Malaysia, the Guthrie Corporation Limited, was taken into local control in less than four hours. This was the most dramatic Malaysian acquisition of a foreign company during the restructuring of the country's post-colonial economy during the 1970s and 1980s, and the Guthrie Dawn Raid remains a celebrated but, at the same time, contested juncture in contemporary Malaysian memory. Drawing upon a variety of sources - including original interviews and correspondence with key participants in, and observers of, the Guthrie Dawn Raid, as well as newly released British documents related to the Anglo-Malaysian events of September 1981 - this article presents a new interpretation of the origins of this most iconic of Malaysian corporate takeovers. In particular, it stresses the long-term aspirations of a key (but often overlooked) figure within the late and post-colonial Malay bureaucratic and economic elite, Ismail Mohamed Ali. At the same time, the article emphasizes the specific requirements of Malaysia's New Economic Policy against the backdrop of burgeoning intra-Malaysian ethnic business competition

Rural Livelihood Diversification in Bangladesh: Effect on Household Poverty and Inequality

The pervasiveness of poverty continues to be a daunting challenge for Bangladesh. This study attempts to examine the effect of different livelihood diversification on rural household poverty and income inequality. A panel dataset, which is used in this study, was collected in the three different years (1988, 2000 and 2008) from 62 villages across 57 districts of Bangladesh. Besides, 153 households from three districts of Bangladesh were also randomly selected as primary data. Multidimensional poverty index (MPI) was used to measure poverty whereas Gini coefficients and decomposition of Gini coefficients were used to measure inequality and to identify marginal effects of certain livelihood income source on total inequality. The results reveal that diversifying livelihood through income source changes has an impact on the poverty level and inequality among rural households. Following these changes, the overall poverty situation has been improving and income distribution has been worsening over the years. Households drastically reduce their poverty by diversifying their livelihood from only agriculture to part-time farming. Among different non-farm income sources, only self-employment has a positive contribution in decreasing income inequality since 2000. Incomes from migration and wage-employment widen income inequality in rural Bangladesh. Therefore, policy options should strive to expand rural industry and scope of self-employment in the rural areas along with agricultural sector development

CLIMATE FINANCING MECHANISM IN BANGLADESH: DOES THE CLIMATE CHANGE TRUST FUND PLAY ITS ROLE PROPERLY?

The Study sought to analysis the trends of fund flow of Climate Change Trust Fund, a national window of climate financing in Bangladesh. The main objectives of this study are to analysis the enactment of Climate Change Trust Fund with its fiduciary management and activities of nine years and identify the utilization gaps of this fund in terms to policy and practices. This is an explanatory and qualitative research. The result of the study showed that the Climate Change Trust Fund mainly utilized at the sector of water, infrastructure, agriculture, Forestry and Biodiversity conservation. Adaptation activities are getting priority under Climate Change Trust Fund while some notable Mitigation activities were also implemented. Nineteen Ministries along with its agencies were implemented the Climate Change Trust Funded Projects which were implemented all over the country. Among the six thematic areas of Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP, 2009), thematic area, T3: infrastructure and T1: Food Security, Social Protection and Health got highest priority to the decision makers for Funding. In terms of project number, maximum infrastructural activities under CCTF were implemented by Local Government Division where as large amount of money were allocated to the Ministry of water resources for their infrastructural activities at the coastal zones in the country. Bangladesh is the innocent victim of climate change due to its geographical location and economic condition. Due to various constrains including lack of resources the climatic impact is severe at the coastal zone of Bangladesh for last few decades. So, the infrastructure development is more essential at these coastal areas. Most of the activities of CCTF were the routine works of concern ministries while a few numbers of activities were innovative and predominantly addressed to the climate induced loss and damages in the country. It is because the criteria of climate induced activities in the action plan were not mentioned clearly and there is no mandate to check the feasibility study of the project before the approval process. With such limitations, there is no doubt that establishment such kind of fund and the implemented activities play an important role to develop the adaptive capacity of local community of Bangladesh to addresses the challenges of climate change.  Article visualizations