667 research outputs found
Blaming the victim, all over again: Waddell and Aylward's biopsychosocial (BPS) model of disability
The biopsychosocial (BPS) model of mental distress, originally conceived by the American psychiatrist George Engel in the 1970s and commonly used in psychiatry and psychology, has been adapted by Gordon Waddell and Mansell Aylward to form the theoretical basis for current UK Government thinking on disability. Most importantly, the Waddell and Aylward version of the BPS has played a key role as the Government has sought to reform spending on out-of- work disability benefits. This paper presents a critique of Waddell and Aylwardâs model, examining its origins, its claims and the evidence it employs. We will argue that its potential for genuine inter-disciplinary cooperation and the holistic and humanistic benefits for disabled people as envisaged by Engel are not now, if they ever have been, fully realized. Any potential benefit it may have offered has been eclipsed by its role in Coalition/Conservative government social welfare policies that have blamed the victim and justified restriction of entitlements
Tadpole-improved SU(2) lattice gauge theory
A comprehensive analysis of tadpole-improved SU(2) lattice gauge theory is
made. Simulations are done on isotropic and anisotropic lattices, with and
without improvement. Two tadpole renormalization schemes are employed, one
using average plaquettes, the other using mean links in Landau gauge.
Simulations are done with spatial lattice spacings in the range of about
0.1--0.4 fm. Results are presented for the static quark potential, the
renormalized lattice anisotropy (where is the ``temporal''
lattice spacing), and for the scalar and tensor glueball masses. Tadpole
improvement significantly reduces discretization errors in the static quark
potential and in the scalar glueball mass, and results in very little
renormalization of the bare anisotropy that is input to the action. We also
find that tadpole improvement using mean links in Landau gauge results in
smaller discretization errors in the scalar glueball mass (as well as in the
static quark potential), compared to when average plaquettes are used. The
possibility is also raised that further improvement in the scalar glueball mass
may result when the coefficients of the operators which correct for
discretization errors in the action are computed beyond tree level.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures (minor changes to overall scales in Fig.1; typos
removed from Eqs. (3),(4),(15); some rewording of Introduction
Unquenched Charmonium with NRQCD - Lattice 2000
We present results from a series of NRQCD simulations of the charmonium
system, both in the quenched approximation and with n_f = 2 dynamical quarks.
The spectra show evidence for quenching effects of ~10% in the S- and
P-hyperfine splittings. We compare this with other systematic effects.
Improving the NRQCD evolution equation altered the S-hyperfine by as much as 20
MeV, and we estimate radiative corrections may be as large as 40%.Comment: Lattice 2000 (Heavy Quark Physics
Evaluating Lifeworld as an emancipatory methodology
Disability research is conducted within a highly politicised âhotbedâ of competing paradigms and principles. New researchers, who want to work within the social model, are soon faced with complex and challenging methodological and philosophical dilemmas. The social model advocates research agendas that are focused on the emancipation and empowerment of disabled people but, in reality, these are rarely achieved. To be successful researchers need to engage with innovative and creative methodologies and to share their experiences of these within environments that welcome challenge and debate. This paper focuses on Lifeworld and assesses its value as a tool for emancipatory research. Using examples from a study with parents, whose children were in the process of being labelled as having autism, the paper illustrates how the principles that âunderpinâ the methodology offered a supportive framework for a novice researcher
Study of Charmonia near the deconfining transition on an anisotropic lattice with O(a) improved quark action
We study hadron properties near the deconfining transition in the quenched
lattice QCD simulation. This paper focuses on the heavy quarkonium states, such
as meson. In order to treat heavy quarks at , we adopt the
improved Wilson action on anisotropic lattice. We discuss bound
state observing the wave function and compare the meson correlators at above
and below . Although we find a large change of correlator near the ,
the strong spatial correlation which is almost the same as confinement phase
survives even .Comment: 19 pages, 10 figure
Revisiting glueball wave functions at zero and finite temperature
We study the sizes and thermal properties of glueballs in a three dimensional
compact Abelian gauge model on improved lattice. We predict the radii of and in the units of string tension, or and fm, for the scalar and tensor glueballs, respectively. We perform a well
controlled extrapolation of the radii to the continuum limit and observe that
our results agree with the predicted values. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we
extract the pole-mass of the lowest scalar and tensor glueballs from the
temporal correlators at finite temperature. We see a clear evidence of the
deconfined phase, and the transition appears to be similar to that of the
two-dimensional XY model as expected from universality arguments. Our results
show no significant changes in the glueball wave functions and masses in the
deconfined phase.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figure
Precursors of Cytochrome Oxidase in Cytochrome-Oxidase-Deficient Cells of Neurospora crassa
Three different cell types of Neurospora crassa deficient in cytochrome oxidase were studied: the nuclear mutant cni-1, the cytoplasmic mutant mi-1 and copper-depleted wild-type cells.
* 1.
The enzyme-deficient cells have retained a functioning mitochondrial protein synthesis. It accounted for 12â16% of the total protein synthesis of the cell. However, the analysis of mitochondrial translation products by gel electrophoresis revealed that different amounts of individual membrane proteins were synthesized. Especially mutant cni-1 produced large amounts of a small molecular weight translation product, which is barely detectable in wild-type.
* 2.
Mitochondrial preparations of cytochrome-oxidase-deficient cells were examined for precursors of cytochrome oxidase. The presence of polypeptide components of cytochrome oxidase in the mitochondria was established with specific antibodies. On the other hand, no significant amounts of heme a could be extracted.
* 3.
Radioactively labelled components of cytochrome oxidase were isolated by immunoprecipitation and analysed by gel electrophoresis. All three cell types contained the enzyme components 4â7, which are translated on cytoplasmic ribosomes. The mitochondrially synthesized components 1â3 were present in mi-1 mutant and in copper-depleted wild-type cells. In contrast, components 2 and 3 were not detectable in the nuclear mutant cni-1. Both relative and absolute amounts of these polypeptides in the enzyme-deficient cells were quite different from those in wild-type cells.
* 4.
The components of cytochrome oxidase found in the enzyme-deficient cells were tightly associated with the mitochondrial membranes.
* 5.
Processes, which affect and may control the production of enzyme precursors or their assembly to a functional cytochrome oxidase are discussed
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