A Study of Lime-rich metamorphic rocks from Cree Lake, Manitoba.

The rocks studied in this thesis have been the subject of considerable discussion as to their original nature. J. D. Bateman of the Geological Survey of Canada considers that they are of igneous origin whereas others believe that they are metamorphosed sediments. It was thought that a petrographical study might provide some information that would help to decide the problem and it was with this object in view that this study was undertaken. Cree Lake, in the vicinity of which the rocks occur, is situated 2 miles North of the Sherritt-Gordon Mine, Manitoba, which lies about 20 miles east of the Manitoba-Saskatchewan border and 120 miles northwest of the north end of L. Winnipeg. The Sherritt-Gordon copper-zinc ore deposit is a very remarkable deposit in that it is a tabular body with a total outcrop length of 16,000 feet and an average width of 15 feet, thus being one of the longest exposed ore bodies in the world. The rocks in question outcrop around Found Lake which lies very close to and just to the southeast of Cree Lake (see Map 44-4) and fall into two groups; firstly, thos that outcrop south of Found Lake in an area which was mapped by J. D. Bateman as an oval body of oligoclase granite (Map 44-4, No. 12) about one mile long and 1/4 mile wide and secondly, those that outcrop as three smaller masses north of Found Lake but enclosed by the arms of Cree Lake and mapped as anorthositic gabbro (Map 44-4, No. 11). [...

The Effect of Permo-Triassic and Mesozoic Extensional Tectonics on the Structure of the Tawke Area, Zagros Simply Folded Zone, NW Iraq

Hydrocarbon Exploration in the Zagros Mountains of Iraqi Kurdistan and Iran, 23-25 January 2013,DNO Iraq AS has been operating in the NW Zagros fold and thrust belt, in Iraq since 2004 and discovered the ‘giant’ Tawke oil field in 2006. The Tawke anticline is part of a system of NNWSSE and E-W trending anticlines that characterize the NW corner of the Zagros fold belt. This region is well known as a result of an extensive multi-faceted and disciplinary study, using a large proprietary database including 2D & 3D seismic, fieldwork, satellite imagery and published data. The present structure observed in the study area is the result of the tectonic inversion of the Mesozoic northern margin of the Arabian plate, manifesting as several compressive events during the progressive closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. Earliest orogenic movements in the Late Cretaceous are related to the obduction of radiolariticophiolitic oceanic slices together with distal parts of the Arabian margin as observed in the Zagros of Iran and in Turkey. In NW Iraq, the Late Cretaceous compression inverted the Neo- Tethys rift-structure initiating the folding and thrusting associated with the formation of an early foreland basin (the NW continuation of the Amiran basin in Iran). Initially, deep-marine limestones of the Shiranish Formation were deposited in the Zagros foreland basin. On top of these carbonates, a significant influx of siliciclastic deposition filled in the basin that became progressively shallower (Kolosh (Paleocene) and Gercus (Eocene) formations). The overlying ‘Tertiary Carbonates’ sequence was deposited predominantly in a passive margin setting, although there is evidence in the study area to believe that Late Cretaceous paleohighs persisted well into the Paleogene. The continental collision between the Arabian and Eurasian plates in the Neogene marked the final closure of the Neo-Tethys and shaped the present day Simply Folded Zone. The detailed timing of this closure is not yet fully determined in the study area, although proposed ages for the collision range from the late Oligocene to late Miocene. Two extensional systems have been characterized in the study area. An E-W to NNW-SSE Permo-Triassic system related to the opening of the Neo-Tethys; and a NE-SW Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous system related to passive margin subsidence. It is observed that both of these extensional systems exhibit a control on the subsequent compressional deformation and on the morphology of the Simply Folded Zone. This study presents these observations and highlights the differing effect of the Permo-Triassic and Mesozoic extensional fabric on the compressional structural style in the Tawke area of the Zagros Simply Folded Zone, NW Iraq

Postprandial Effects of Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) Consumption on Glucose Metabolism, Gastrointestinal Hormone Response, and Perceived Appetite in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial

The consumption of blueberries, as well as the phenolic compounds they contain, may alter metabolic processes related to type 2 diabetes. The study investigated the effects of adding 140 g of blueberries to a higher-carbohydrate breakfast meal on postprandial glucose metabolism, gastrointestinal hormone response, and perceived appetite. As part of a randomized crossover design study, 17 healthy adults consumed a standardized higher-carbohydrate breakfast along with 2 treatments: (1) 140 g (1 cup) of whole blueberries and (2) a placebo gel (matched for calories, sugars, and fiber of the whole blueberries). Each subject participated in two 2-h meal tests on separate visits ≥8 days apart. Venous blood samples and perceived appetite ratings using visual analog scales were obtained prior to and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after consuming the breakfast meals. Results show that glucose metabolism, several gastrointestinal hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), peptide YY (PYY) concentrations and perceived appetite did not change significantly with blueberry consumption. However, pancreatic polypeptide (PP) concentrations were statistically significantly higher (p = 0.0367), and the concentrations were higher during 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after consumption of the blueberry breakfast meal than the placebo breakfast meal. Additional research is needed to determine whether blueberries and other flavonoid-rich foods reduce type 2 diabetes risk by modifying gastrointestinal hormones and perceived appetite

The effects of 100% wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) juice consumption on cardiometablic biomarkers: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in adults with increased risk for type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND: Wild blueberries have a high content of polyphenols, but there is limited data evaluating their health benefits in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes. The objective of the study was to investigate whether consumption of 100% wild blueberry juice improves cardiometabolic biomarkers associated with type 2 diabetes risk. METHODS: A single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design trial was conducted in which adults (women, n = 19, ages 39–64 y) at risk for type 2 diabetes consumed 240 mL of wild blueberry juice or a placebo beverage as part of their free-living diet for 7 days. Blood was collected to determine various biomarkers such as fasting plasma glucose, fasting serum insulin, surrogate markers of insulin sensitivity, triglycerides, inflammation (interleukin-6, interleukin-10, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, serum amyloid A), adhesion molecules (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1), oxidative stress (LDL-oxidation, total 8-isoprostanes), and nitric oxide. Endothelial function and blood pressure were also assessed. RESULTS: Wild blueberry juice consumption for 7 days produced no significant changes in glucose, insulin, insulin sensitivity, triglycerides, inflammatory markers, adhesion molecules, oxidative stress, endothelial function or blood pressure. However, wild blueberry juice consumption showed a trend for lowering systolic blood pressure: 120.8 ± 2.2 mmHg in the placebo group vs 116.0 ± 2.2 mmHg in the blueberry juice group (P = 0.088). Serum concentrations of nitrates and nitrites, an index of nitric oxide production, increased from 2.9 ± 0.4 μM after placebo drink to 4.1 ± 0.4 μM after drinking wild blueberry juice (P = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term consumption of wild blueberry juice may promote cardioprotective effects, by improving systolic blood pressure, possibly through nitric oxide production, in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes. This outcome warrants longer-term human studies of blueberries, including defined amounts of either the whole fruit or juice, to clarify whether polyphenol-rich foods can be efficacious for improving cardiometabolic biomarkers in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02139878, clinicaltrials.gov; date of registration: May 4, 2014