Experimental Study of 2-Amino-5-(4- nitrophenyl)-1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole for MS in HCl Solution

The present work aims to study the inhibition performance of new organic inhibitor namely ANTD “2-amino-5-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3,4- thiadiazole” on corrosion of mild steel (MS) in HCl environment at the concentration of 1.0 M through using weight loss techniques. Weight lost measurements demonstrates the presence of a film on MS surface in existence of organic substance. The inhibition performance of ANTD at various concentrations for mild steel increases with increasing concentration and with an increased in the immersion time and decreased with raising temperatures degrees. The optimal inhibition efficiency of (ANTD), 82%, was achieved for mild steel when immersed with the highest utilized concentration for 6 hrs

Preparation of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles and Study Its Loaded With Recombinant Human Erythropoietin alfa Drug

Loading rHuEPO-alpha drug on the surface of magnesium oxide nanoparticles further improves the effect of the drug as a treatment for anemia. After preparation of magnesium oxide nanoparticles by precipitation method, it was diagnosed by X-ray diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy. the loaded was diagnosed by Docking program, UV-Visible and Transmission Electron Microscopy. The study of LD50 was for thirty male mice. Magnesium Oxide nanoparticles had an average crystallite size of 8.42 nm. oral LD50 test was 896 mg/kg. Docking results presented a high energy binding with force linkage due to the link of the oxygen atom of MgO NPs with three hydrogen bonds of amino acids in the rHuEPO-alpha structure. The UV-Visible result was certain that all rHuEPO-alpha drug was loaded on the surface of MgO NPs. TEM shows that the average particle size was 9.94 nm after loaded of the rHuEPO-alpha drug on MgO NPs while was 9 nm before the loaded. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles may exhibit an effect on increasing the efficacy of rHuEPO-alpha after the loaded, leading to elevated hemoglobin and reduced anemia disease

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially