Theoretical and experimental evaluation of the inhibiting power of 4-amino,5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole,3-thione against corrosion copper in a neutral chloride environment

In this study, we first developed the synthesis of 4-amino-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione (APTS) and then its identification based on 1H and 13C NMR spectral data.  The product's ability to prevent copper corrosion in a 3% NaCl solution was then evaluated. This work was carried out by stationary and transient electrochemical techniques, supplemented by a theoretical study. The results obtained showed that the APTS provides good protection of copper in the corrosive environment by the formation of a protective layer adsorbed on the metal surface. The inhibitory efficiency achieved is around 98% for a concentration of 10-3M in inhibitor justifying its protective effect. The theoretical study of the interaction of APTS with metallic copper shows that this inhibitor adsorbs on the metallic surface by forming chemical bonds between the metal and the inhibitor. This confirms the experimental result

Evidence for B cell exhaustion in chronic graft-versus-host disease

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) remains a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). A number of studies support a role for B cells in the pathogenesis of cGvHD. In this study, we report the presence of an expanded population of CD19+CD21− B cells with features of exhaustion in the peripheral blood of patients with cGvHD. CD21− B cells were significantly increased in patients with active cGvHD compared to patients without cGvHD and healthy controls (median 12.2 versus 2.12 versus 3%, respectively; p < 0.01). Compared with naïve (CD27−CD21+) and classical memory (CD27+CD21+) B cells, CD19+CD21− B cells in cGvHD were CD10 negative, CD27 negative and CD20hi, and exhibited features of exhaustion, including increased expression of multiple inhibitory receptors such as FCRL4, CD22, CD85J, and altered expression of chemokine and adhesion molecules such as CD11c, CXCR3, CCR7, and CD62L. Moreover, CD21− B cells in cGvHD patients were functionally exhausted and displayed poor proliferative response and calcium mobilization in response to B-cell receptor triggering and CD40 ligation. Finally, the frequencies of circulating CD21− B cells correlated with cGvHD severity in patients after HSCT. Our study further characterizes B cells in chronic cGVHD and supports the use of CD21−CD27−CD10− B cell frequencies as a biomarker of disease severity

Cord blood NK cells engineered to express IL-15 and a CD19-targeted CAR show long-term persistence and potent antitumor activity

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have been used to redirect the specificity of autologous T cells against leukemia and lymphoma with promising clinical results. Extending this approach to allogeneic T cells is problematic as they carry a significant risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Natural killer (NK) cells are highly cytotoxic effectors, killing their targets in a non-antigen-specific manner without causing GVHD. Cord blood (CB) offers an attractive, allogeneic, off-the-self source of NK cells for immunotherapy. We transduced CB-derived NK cells with a retroviral vector incorporating the genes for CAR-CD19, IL-15 and inducible caspase-9-based suicide gene (iC9), and demonstrated efficient killing of CD19-expressing cell lines and primary leukemia cells in vitro, with marked prolongation of survival in a xenograft Raji lymphoma murine model. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) production by the transduced CB-NK cells critically improved their function. Moreover, iC9/CAR.19/IL-15 CB-NK cells were readily eliminated upon pharmacologic activation of the iC9 suicide gene. In conclusion, we have developed a novel approach to immunotherapy using engineered CB-derived NK cells, which are easy to produce, exhibit striking efficacy and incorporate safety measures to limit toxicity. This approach should greatly improve the logistics of delivering this therapy to large numbers of patients, a major limitation to current CAR-T-cell therapies

Interactions at tetraphenyl porphyrin InP interfaces observed by surface photovoltage spectrocopy

Interactions at tetraphenyl porphyrin InP interfaces observed by surface photovoltage spectrocop

Advanced topics supplement PSSC physics : Uri Haber-Schaim, John H Dodge, James A. Walter

202 p. : il.; 27 cm