Globalization, Multiculturalism and Eco-perspectives in Amitav Ghosh’s The Glass Palace

This paper presents the study of globalization, multiculturalism, ecological and environmental perspectives in Amitav Ghosh’s The Glass Palace (2000). The novel represents globalization, multiculturalism and eco-perspectives in inter-connected ways. This paper strives to find out these inter-connected aspects of globalization, multiculturalism, ecological and environmental concerns in the novel. Globalization and multiculturalism have central place while eco-concerns and environmental aspects are peripheral, in the novel. Therefore the objective of the paper is also an appeal to provide the centre-role for ecological and environmental concerns in the texts; along with economic development, countries must give importance to ecological and environmental aspects to save the human race and multi-cultural societies

Gender Discrimination and Women Subjugation in Amitav Ghosh’s Sea of Poppies: A Feministic study of Contemporary Indian Society

This paper presents various aspects of gender discrimination and subjugation of women to male dominated society and orders, set by a particular group of society, against women. Women are suffering silently in the hands of patriarchal code and system of society. This discrimination leads to heinous crimes against women and at last they lost their lives. Today the problem of lower sex ratio is a consequence of this gender discrimination. This is a challenge before country how to tackle this social evil and make India a developed country where women and children can live without any fear and threats. This paper also presents the ways which have been accepted by our government and intellectuals to tackle this inequality and discrimination through the processes of strict legal and reasonable laws, constitutional provisions and Acts which are mentioned in Indian Constitution. This study expresses an intense urge for gender justice and elimination of discrimination in its all forms and to establish equality and fraternity in society and a welfare state for all in spite of their cast, creed, religion, gender, status and birth place. Amitav Ghosh has shown the effects of patriarchal orders, along with colonial rule, on women and their lives in Indian society with the help of his novel Sea of Poppies (2008). His novel is a commentary on the established orthodoxical orders in society by male which cause women to suffer silently without any resist against this patriarchal dominance

Representation of reciprocal and cultural conflict in J. M. Coetzee's In the Heart of the Country: A Study in Post-Colonial Context

This paper is proposed to throw light on reciprocal and cultural conflict in the novel In the Heart of the Country, particularly in post-colonial context. As Coetzee is a linguist and Nobel laureate who has done great efforts to present the concrete and condensed reality of colonial people of South Africa. He has raised issues of colonial oppression and conflict among colonizers and colonized. Coetzee has been recognised as writer of marginalized and apartheid as well as a curtain raiser for presenting the harsh reality of sufferings of colonized. We cannot ignore the fact that post-colonial era has brought great reforms and improvements in the socio-economic conditions of colonized, yet there are various obstacles and challenges which have been inherited in minds of African aboriginal people who were earlier colonized by ''white people''

Patriarchy and traces of feminism in Mahesh Dattani’s Where There’s a Will: A holistic analysis

Mahesh Dattani is known as a writer, actor, director and a theatre professional. His works are well known in the social domain for dealing with social and familial issues. He has used Indian mythology, rituals and traditions along with social issues to present the real and impartial portrayal of Indian society and families. In Where There’s a Will (1988) Dattani takes universal issues that cover societies of the whole world. Dattani says more in less word. Through this short and concise drama he raises the universal problem of patriarchy and suffering of women in particular. Through Indian society and Indian family of Hasmukh Mehta, Dattani takes hold of attention of the readers towards the whole world where women suffer silently in the hand of authoritative patriarchal system. The play is set against the patriarchy and makes an urge of freedom, equality, liberty and independence for women in male dominating societies. Therefore it supports feminism, a movement of women for demand of equality and rights same as those of men enjoy in the families as well as in the societies. So, Dattani calls the play; “exorcism of the patriarchal code’’

EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF EUDRAGIT FOR DEVELOPMENT OF MICROPARTICLES OF WATER SOLUBLE DRUG USING QUALITY BY DESIGN APPROACH

Objective: In the present protocol, employability of polymethacrylate polymer Eudragit RS100 for development of microparticles of water soluble drug with desired values of response variables was investigated by central composite optimization design through application of Design Expert® software (Series DX10). Methods: The microparticles were developed by emulsion solvent evaporation process employing Eudragit RS100. Two effective independent variables drug: polymer ratio and stirring speed were selected to assess performance prospective of Eudragit on mean particle size, entrapment efficiency, percent yield and drug release in 12 h of microparticles. Thirteen batches generated by software were prepared and subjected to different characterization test parameters obligatory for the evaluation of formulation. Validation of optimization model and Statistical interpretation of results was done using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Results: ANOVA indicated that the independent variables had significant effect on response variables. Optimized formulation demonstrated close agreement amongst experimental and predicted responses with high desirability factor. In vitro drug liberation study for optimized formulation proposed a sustained release of drug from microparticles. Conclusion: In conclusion, optimization technique was imperative in indicating the efficient applicability of Eudragit RS100 polymer in controlling the drug release of hydrophilic drugs

DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE USING CALCIUM CROSS-LINKED CASSIA FISTULA GUM AND CROSS CARMELLOSE SODIUM

Objective: The present investigation was aimed towards developing calcium crosslinked derivative of carboxymethylated cassia fistula gum and crosscarmellose sodium based orodispersible tablets (ODTs) of propranolol hydrochloride for enhancing the bioavailability and efficacy. Methods: Orodispersible tablets (ODTs) of propranolol hydrochloride was formulated using natural (a carboxymethylated derivative of cassia fistula gum) and synthetic polymer (crosscarmellose sodium) by wet and dry granulation, lyophilization and cotton candy methods and then finally compressed by direct compression. The prepared ODTs were evaluated for several parameters such as hardness, friability, in vitro disintegration time, in vitro drug release. In vivo and stability studies were carried out on optimized formulation coding PC1. Results: Drug polymer interaction were judged by FT-IR, DSC and XRD. The optimized formulation coding PC1 prepared by cotton candy process containing 2.5% w/w of crosslinked cassia fistula gum has the least disintegration time (18.9±0.4s), weeting time (12.5±0.8s) and relased the drug of 88.2% within 10 min in contrast to croscarmellose sodium. In vivo absorption studies revealed that same formulation has Cmax (µg/ml) 2.13±0.73, tmax (h) 0.21±0.17 and (µg ml-1 h-1) 14.33±1.59. Conclusion: This research manuscript clearly shows the successful development of the ODTs loaded with an antihypertensive drug, namely propranolol hydrochloride. The formulation developed by cotton candy process utilizing crosslinked cassia fistula gum as a natural superdisintegrant in contrast to other existing techniques can be a best option over synthetic superdisintegrant i.e. crosscarmellose sodium. The prepared ODTs was enhanced the absorption rate by lowering tmax, which inturn enhance the bioavailability and the efficacy of drug

OPTIMIZATION OF COMPONENT VARIABLES BY STATISTICAL APPROACH FOR DESIGN OF CHRONOTHERAPEUTIC DOSAGE FORM FOR HYPERTENSION

Objective: Blood pressure (BP) pursues circadian rhythms projecting its highest values during early morning and lowest during night. The aim of the present investigation was to design a newer programmable chronotherapy based capsule system containing delayed release microspheres of losartan potassium for effective management of hypertension. Methods: First, the microspheres were prepared with Eudragit RS100 by optimization technique through the application of Design Expert® software. The optimized microsphere formulation was filled in a capsule shell, and these shells were coated with 10% w/v Eudragit L100:Eudragit S100 (in ratio 1:2), in isopropyl alcohol: water as solvent system, to provide the necessary delay in emptying of capsule content. The whole capsular system was evaluated by various characteristic formulation parameters. Validation of optimization model and statistical interpretation of results was done using analysis of variance. Results: The results indicated that the optimized triple coated capsule shells showed an extended release of drug from microspheres after a lag time of 4 h. Conclusion: Conclusively, the chronotherapeutic system of losartan potassium was successfully developed to be dosed at bedtime that could benefit from the known circadian rhythms of the disease to control the BP for once a day therap

Voluntary Disclosures of Indian Microfinance Institutions

The microfinance sector is growing at an astonishing rate in India. Reserve Bank of India, from time to time, comes up with a lot of directions to maintain transparency and governance in the microfinance sector. The current study focuses on the voluntary disclosure (VD) of the Non-Banking Financial Companies- Microfinance Institutions in India. The study constructs an unweighted index to measure the VD scores of the firms. The study also estimates the technical efficiency of the firms in meeting dual objectives of social and financial efficiency of the microfinance institutions. The empirical testing derived the association of the VD score and the efficiency from the data sourced from 2015 to 2019. The findings suggest a negative association between VD and efficiency. The study\u27s major contribution is the type of VD disclosed by the firms. Finding also suggests that firms consider discretionary disclosure a wasteful activity. The dual performance is low but shows a gradual increase. The study is relevant for the policymakers and managers to check the disclosure strategy and the patterns of these firms, which mainly depend on the donors for raising funds for their sustainability

Development, standardization of polyherbal formulation of analgesic ointment of plant Carum copticum, Mentha piperita, Cedrus deodara

Ayurveda is one of the world’s oldest systems of medicine. It originated in India and has evolved there over thousands of years. The term “Ayurveda” combines then Sanskrit words ayur (life) andVeda (science or knowledge). Ayurveda means “the science of life. Medicinal plants and herbal drugs have played a key role in world health. According to world health organization (WHO), about 80% of the world population currently utilizes the herbal drugs. People are using herbal medicines from centuries for safety, efficacy, cultural acceptability, non-toxic, lesser side effects and easily available at affordable prices. In recent times, there has been a move in universal trend from synthetic to herbal medicine due to side effects of synthetic products. Herbal products may contain a single herb or combinations of several different herbs believed to have complementary and /synergistic effects. Some herbal products, including many traditional medicine formulations, also include animal products and minerals. Herbal products are sold as either raw plants or extracts of portions of the plant or in the form formulation i.e. tablet, capsule, syrup, cream and ointment etc. The different parts of plants with analgesic were taken up for the present study and investigated for the phytochemical screening and used for the formulation of analgesic ointment. Present study deals with formulation, Standardization, evaluation of ointment made from alcoholic extract and essential oil of different plants