Bianchijev kozmološki model tipa-I u dvometričkoj relativnosti

Bianchi type-I cosmological model is studied in the context of bimetric relativity, taking the source as perfect fluid distribution coupled with an incident magnetic field directed along the z-axis. The solution represents non-existence of Bianchi-I cosmological model in this theory.Proučavamo Bianchijev kozmološki model tipa-I u okviru dvometričke relativnosti, uzimajući za izvor perfektnu raspodjelu tekućine vezanu s upadnim magnetskim poljem koje je usmjereno duž z osi. Rješenje pokazuje nepostojanje kozmološkog modela Bianchi-I u ovoj teoriji

Bianchijev kozmološki model tipa-I u dvometričkoj relativnosti

Bianchi type-I cosmological model is studied in the context of bimetric relativity, taking the source as perfect fluid distribution coupled with an incident magnetic field directed along the z-axis. The solution represents non-existence of Bianchi-I cosmological model in this theory.Proučavamo Bianchijev kozmološki model tipa-I u okviru dvometričke relativnosti, uzimajući za izvor perfektnu raspodjelu tekućine vezanu s upadnim magnetskim poljem koje je usmjereno duž z osi. Rješenje pokazuje nepostojanje kozmološkog modela Bianchi-I u ovoj teoriji

Effect of methyldopa and labetolol on fetal outcomes in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Background: Hypertensive disorders represent the most common medical complication of pregnancy, with a reported incidence of 6-10% and accounts for 15% of maternal mortality. Effective management of pregnancy induced hypertension is vital to improve maternal and foetal outcomes. As data are scarce on comparison of labetolol and methyldopa this study was undertaken. The objectives of the study were to evaluate effect of both drugs on fetal outcomes.Methods: A comparative observational Study is designed. 30 patients who received Methyldopa and 30 patients who received Labetolol were included in the study. Methyldopa was started at a dose of 250-500mg thrice daily while Labetolol was started at a dose of 100-400mg twice daily. Patients were followed up during antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum period for perinatal outcomes.Results: Intra Uterine Growth Retarded (IUGR) babies were 10% in Methyldopa group and 6.66% in Labetolol group. 20% of new borns in Methyldopa group and 10% of new borns in Labetolol group got admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) because of distress. 13.3% of new borns in Methyldopa group are small for gestational age(SGA), whereas only 3.33% in Labetolol group are small for gestational age.Conclusions: Chances of development of IUGR, NICU admissions of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome and small for gestational age babies were more with methyldopa compared to Labetolol, but there was no statistically significant difference between two drugs

Prescription pattern of antimicrobials in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a tertiary care hospital in Telangana, India

Background: Pregnancy is a physiological condition during which immune system is weakened. Therefore, most women are prone to develop infections during this period for which antimicrobials are prescribed. Drugs used during pregnancy may lead to teratogenicity. Therefore, this study was done with the following objectives: 1.to determine the type of infections encountered, 2.to assess the prescription profile of antimicrobials and 3.to assess FDA categories of antimicrobials used in pregnant women in a tertiary care center in Telangana, India.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted on pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) at Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS) from 1st January 2018 to 30th June 2018.Results: Out of a total of 165 cases enrolled, 57 (34.5%) cases were prescribed antimicrobials and 108 (65.5%) were treated symptomatically. The mean (SD) age of women who were prescribed antimicrobials was 22.9 (2.97) years. Of the conditions encountered, respiratory tract infections (RTIs) accounted for 31%, followed by urinary tract infections (UTIs) 26% and gastroenteritis 25%. Most prevalent infections which required antimicrobials prescription were UTIs (36.84%), followed by Gastroenteritis (17.54%). Majority of the antimicrobials prescribed were from Betalactams (40.34%), followed by Nitrofuranes (29.82%), Nitroimidazoles (17.54%) and Antifungals (8.77%). Antimicrobials prescription was more in the 3rd trimester (63.1%), followed by 2nd trimester (31.6%) and 1st trimester (5.3%). Majority of the antimicrobials were administered orally (75.44%), followed by injections (15.79%) and per vaginal route (8.77%). Antimicrobials were mostly prescribed from FDA Category B (96%).Conclusions: RTIs were the most common among the conditions encountered. However, UTIs were the leading cause for antimicrobial prescriptions. Antimicrobials prescription was more during 3rd trimester. Most antimicrobials prescribed were safe as they were from FDA Category B

Efficacy of oral L-arginine on amniotic fluid index in pregnant women with oligohydramnios attending antenatal clinic in a tertiary care hospital in Telangana, India

Background: Oligohydramnios leads to feto-maternal morbidity and mortality. Though there is no specific treatment for oligohydramnios, use of L-arginine seems to be promising. As a nitric oxide donor, it causes vasodilatation, increases placental perfusion and finally increases amniotic fluid. However, data on the use of L-arginine for oligohydramnios is scarce. Hence, this study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oral L-arginine on Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) and to document the pregnancy outcomes in women with oligohydramnios.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted on pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) at Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS), Ghanpur, Telangana, India from 1st January 2018 to 30th June 2018.Results: A total of 50 participants were enrolled and 4 participants among them were lost to follow- up. Mean age (SD) of the women enrolled was 23.3 (3.49) years. Mean gestational age (SD) at the time of diagnosis was 34.61 (1.53) weeks. Mean AFI (SD) at the time of diagnosis and after treatment with L-arginine were 6.8 (1.3) cm and 9.4 (2.82) cm respectively. After a mean treatment duration (SD) of 3.23 (1.38) weeks, a mean (SD) increase of AFI by 2.6 (1.57) cm (P <0.0001) was observed. An increase of AFI was noted in 84.78% of cases (P <0.0001). Mean (SD) Gestational age at the time of delivery was 38.25 (1.48) weeks. Only 37% of participants required operational deliveries. Mean (SD) birth weight of the new borns was 2.54 (0.47) kg. Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admissions were required in 32.6% of new borns.Conclusions: L-arginine is efficacious in improving AFI in oligohydramnios. AFI improvement could possibly lead to better neonatal outcomes by reducing preterm deliveries and operative interventions

Knowledge, perception and attitude of under-graduate and post-graduate medical students about antimicrobial use, resistance and stewardship at a tertiary care teaching hospital in rural Telangana, India

Background: Inappropriate antimicrobial use contributes to antimicrobial resistance. Assessing knowledge, perception and attitude regarding antimicrobial use serves as a prelude to design and implement educational modules to promote rational antimicrobial use.Methods: An online questionnaire based cross-sectional study involving 338 medical students; under-graduates, interns and post-graduates was conducted in a medical college in south India. Chi-square test or Fisher exact test were used to determine association between variables.Results: Fifty percent of the participants (170/338) responded to the questionnaire. The responses were similar across undergraduates, interns and post-graduates. Majority of the responders had good knowledge regarding use of antimicrobials. Most of the participants (92.35%) expressed that a broad-spectrum antimicrobial should be started to treat a serious infection while awaiting culture and sensitivity reports and 88.82% did not prefer to use antimicrobial agents for common cold. Similarly, most of the respondents (93.56%) were aware of the fact that antimicrobial resistance is a global problem. However, many of them (74.71%) were not aware of antimicrobial stewardship programme in their college.Conclusions: This study revealed that most of the students had good knowledge, fair perception and positive attitude regarding the use of, and resistance to antimicrobial agents but not about stewardship programmes. Proactive measures are required to sensitise medical students on antimicrobial stewardship programmes

Safety and efficacy of methyldopa and labetalol in controlling blood pressure in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Background: Hypertensive disorders represent the most common medical complication of pregnancy, with a reported incidence of 6-10% and accounts for 15% of maternal mortality. Effective management of pregnancy induced hypertension is vital to improve maternal and foetal outcomes. As data are scarce on comparison of labetolol and methyldopa this study was undertaken. The objective of present study is compare the efficacy and safety of Labetalol versus Methyldopa in the management of Mild to Moderate pregnancy induced hypertension. To evaluate effect of both drugs on maternal and foetal outcomes.Methods: A comparative observational study is designed. 30 patients who received methyldopa and 30 patients who received labetalol were included in the study. Methyldopa was started at a dose of 250-500 mg thrice daily while labetalol was started at a dose of 100-400 mg twice daily. Patients were followed up during antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum period for efficacy, safety, maternal, and perinatal outcomes.Results: Methyldopa and Labetalol reduced mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressures significantly. safety profile of both drugs was similar. Spontaneous vaginal deliveries were observed more with labetolol significantly.Conclusions: Labetalol is equally efficacious as methyldopa and well tolerated in the treatment of new onset hypertension during pregnancy

Prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a South Indian rural community

Background: To estimate the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in a rural south Indian community and to evaluate the association between metformin use and prevalent vitamin B12 deficiency in people with T2DM stratified by oral vitamin B12 supplementation.Methods: Using a cross sectional study design, a random sample of people with T2DM (N=438) was recruited from a rural community. Vitamin B12 deficiency was defined as serum B12 ≤200pg/ml. Data on metformin dose, duration of use, oral vitamin B12 supplementation, and diet were collected. Laboratory measurements included complete blood count, tests for hepatic, renal, and thyroid function, as well as serum vitamin B12 levels and HbA1c.Results: The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in people with T2DM was 11.2% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 8.2%-14.1%). The odds of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients receiving a metformin dose of 2 grams/day were 4 times higher compared to those receiving ≤1 gram/day, after adjusting for oral B12 supplementation (odds ratio 4.2;95% CI 1.5-11.8). The odds of vitamin B12 deficiency in those taking metformin and receiving oral vitamin B12 supplementation were lower compared to those on metformin and not receiving vitamin B12 supplementation (adjusted odds ratio 0.20; 95% CI 0.06-0.70).Conclusions: Vitamin B12 deficiency affects 1 in 10 people with T2DM, is associated with higher dose metformin use, and oral vitamin B12 supplementation mitigates B12 deficiency in this group

Dispersion of Resonant Raman Peaks of CO and OH in SnO2, Mo1-x FexO2 Thin Films and SiO2 bulk glass

Resonance Raman (RR) peaks of and stretching modes and their higher harmonics have been observed superimposed on photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of thin films. Commercial fluorine doped thin films deposited by sputtering on glass and thin films deposited on Si by laser ablation have been studied. The dispersions of CO and OH stretching RR modes are ~ 600 cm-1/eV and 800 cm-1 respectively. The dispersion of the third harmonic of CO stretching mode is ~ 2000 cm-1/eV. Similar dispersion of RR peak of stretching modes and higher harmonics superimposed on PL spectra has been observed in Mo1-xFexO2 thin films and SiO2 bulk glass. Large dispersion of RR peaks seems to be a common property of oxides with impurities of and .Comment: 13 pages including three figure