GC-MS analysis, preliminary phytochemical screening, physicochemical analysis and anti-diabetic activity of ethanol extract of Jasminum cuspidatum leaves

The purpose of the present study was investigating the GC-MS analysis, preliminary phytochemical screening, physicochemical analysis and anti-diabetic activity of ethanol extract of the leaves of Jasminum cuspidatum. The anti-diabetic activity was investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats with treatment of ethanol extract at the dose level of 200 and 400 mg/kg, which was compared with glibenclamide at a dose level of 4 mg/kg and the parameter measured being the blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, triglycerides, and total protein. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was also investigated in experimental rats. The GC-MS analysis revealed that the ethanol extract contained seven phytoconstituents. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of triterpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides and steroids. The result of in vivo anti-diabetic activity revealed that the ethanol extract of J. cuspidatum showed significant anti-diabetic activity

Chloral Hydrate Overdose Survived after Cardiac Arrest with Excellent Response to Intravenous β-blocker

Chloral hydrate (CH) poisoning is not commonly seen in the emergency department. CH is a commonly prescribed sedative agent for various day care procedures despite its toxic profile even when other safe sedative medications are available. We report a case of CH poisoning that manifested with neurotoxicity followed by cardiotoxicity leading to cardiac arrest. With a high index of suspicion and proper management, our patient was discharged with normal neurological outcome. In this case report, we discuss CH poisoning and toxicity with highlights on specific intervention including β-blockers. CH induced arrhythmias have been reported to be refractory to the standard antiarrhythmic medications and respond well to β-blockers

Hepatoprotective effect of taxifolin on cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in mice: Involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling

Taxifolin (TA) is a natural flavonoid found in many foods and medicinal plants with well-documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an effective antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent; however, it is associated with numerous adverse events, including hepatotoxicity. Herein, we aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of TA using a mouse model of CP-induced hepatotoxicity. Mice were co-treated with TA (25 and 50 mg/kg, orally) and CP (30 mg/kg, i.p.) for 10 consecutive days and sacrificed 24 hours later. CP induced increased transaminases (ALT and AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) paralleled with pronounced histopathological alterations in the liver. Moreover, hepatic tissues of CP-injected mice showed increased malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl, and nitric oxide (NO) levels, accompanied by decreased antioxidant defenses (glutathione [GSH], superoxide dismutase [SOD], and catalase [CAT]). Livers of CP-injected mice also showed increased inflammatory response (nuclear transcription factor kappa-B [NF-κB] p65 activation, increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interleukin 1 beta [IL-1β], and IL-6) and apoptosis (decreased Bcl-2 and increased Bax and caspase-3 expression levels). Remarkably, TA ameliorated markers of liver injury and histological damage in CP-injected mice. TA treatment also attenuated numerous markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the liver of CP-injected mice. This was accompanied by increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression in the liver tissues of CP-injected mice. Taken together, this study indicates that TA may represent a promising new avenue to prevent/treat CP-induced hepatotoxicity and perhaps other liver diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammation

Feed forward Control Strategy for Grid Tied PV & Bess in Microgrid Application

Abstract: This paper proposes Microgrid in alliance with Photo Voltaic (PV) energy and Battery energy storage system (BESS). Microgrids are beco ming increasingly attractive to the researchers because of the less greenhouse gases, low running cost, and flexib ility to operate in connection with utility grid. The Microgrid constitutes independent AC and DC sub grids, where all t he corresponding sources and loads are connected to their respective buses and these buses are interfaced using an interfacing converter. The Microgrid increases system efficiency by reducing the mult iple reverse conversions involved in conventional RES integration to grid. A Small M icrogrid in grid connected mode was modeled and simu late d in MATLABSIMULINK environment. The simu lation results prove the stable operation considering the uncertainty of generations and loads

Investigation on ethanolic stem extract of Ipomea sagittifolia to explore the presence of Saponins by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography

Background: Saponins are a diverse group of naturally occurring plant compounds that play important roles in various aspects of plant physiology and ecology. An extract composed of several phytoconstituents may be easily analysed and interpreted using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint analysis from a qualitative standpoint. Ipomea sagittifolia (Burn. f.) has a long history of use in traditional medical systems. Method: It was decided to interpret the phytoconstituents, namely the steroids in Ipomea sagittifolia (Burn. f.), in line with Current Good Manufacturing Practises, which highlight the significance of quality in relation to phytoconstituents, because HPTLC is a very trustworthy method of analysis. In this work, an HPTLC finger print profile for the saponins was made using an ethanolic extract of the stem of Ipomea sagittifolia (Burn. f.). This system includes the Scanner 4, TLC Visualizer, and Linomat 5 Applicator. Results: When phytoconstituents were evaluated using HPTLC densitometric screening at wavelengths of 366 nm and 540 nm, several peaks could be seen in the chromatogram.  By analysing the peak regions, peak heights, and Rf values that were given in the proper tables, the phytochemicals are appraised. Conclusion: The study revealed the presence of saponins. This information is highly useful in studying chemical profiling and discovering bioactive components when the Rf values of these chemicals are compared with standards as a reference

TTFV-Based Molecular Tweezers and Macrocycles as Receptors for Fullerenes

Hybrids of tetrathiafulvalene vinylogues (TTFVs) and planar arenes were synthesized via the click reaction to form tweezer-like and macrocyclic structures. These compounds were investigated as receptors for fullerenes (C₆₀ and C₇₀) by UV–vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy