Effects of inertia on Newtonian fluid in squeezed film by recursive approach

The thesis accomplishes the theoretical study of the effect of inertia on Newtonian fluid in squeezed. This research undertaking to get in ingenious knowledge for the procedure of the axisymmetric viscous fluid flow in between parallel plates steadily approaching to each other, as well the inertia effect is under consideration.  Thereby, the crucial part of this thesis is to theoretically investigate rather than experimentally. Be sure that as it may, the expectation from this study is that it could be experimentally performed, so will get practical benefits, in the form of the improvement in the process of flow of oil in bearing and governs with capacity of load – bearing and improving the results of oil in bearing. The primary focused object of this work is to develop a mathematical model, thereby, to calculate the velocity profile likewise radial and axial velocity and pressure. In this research work, the squeezed film of Newtonian fluid between two disks is taken to obtain an analytical solution (PDE – Partial Differential Equations) subject to the favorable boundary conditions, as well as the inertia effect is under consideration. In this thesis the recursive approach is utilized to get an analytical solution and the obtained solution is examined with perturbation method. The examined solution has been found as the main objective of this study. It is analyzed that the recursive approach is easy to use and appears more effective. Keywords: Newtonian fluid, Non-Newtonian fluids. Ideal fluids Squeezed fluid, Inertia effect, Velocity Profile, Pressure. DOI: 10.7176/MTM/12-1-04 Publication date: February 28th 202

Examining the Prevalence of Congenital Anomalies in Newborns: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Maternity Hospital in Saudi Arabia

Background: Congenital anomalies, representing structural or functional abnormalities present at birth, pose a substantial global health challenge, affecting 8 million newborns annually. With 3.3 million succumbing before age five and 3.2 million facing physical or mental disability, their diverse causes necessitate comprehensive understanding for effective healthcare planning. This study explores the prevalence of congenital anomalies among newborns in the Abha Maternity and Children Hospital (MCH) in Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional record-based study was conducted on newborns born between 2018 and 2022. Data were gathered in 4 months from September to December 2023. Purposive sampling was employed to select the case records of newborns with congenital anomalies after careful screening and considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was acquired through a self-designed study tool, and the data were entered into Google Forms. Results: Congenital anomalies’ five-year prevalence was 3.21%, and one year, in 2022, the prevalence was 4.02%. Female neonates exhibited higher anomalies (59.3%), and preterm births accounted for 39.6%, emphasizing their vulnerability. The findings indicate that consanguineous marriages are linked to 63.3% of anomalies, notably neural tube defects (25%) and congenital heart diseases (19.7%). Anomalies are not significantly associated with consanguinity or birth order, but maternal age, education, employment, and antenatal maternal medical issues are associated considerably. Conclusions: These study insights contribute to health planners planning targeted interventions and awareness programs that are crucial to mitigate risks associated with preterm births and consanguineous marriages. The promotion of 100% antenatal screening and prophylactic medication for high-risk women and couples is necessary to prevent inherited deformities. In future the Ministry of Health must plan large-group prospective research to better understand the associated risk factors that will help public health initiatives minimize congenital-associated neonatal mortality and improve pregnancy outcomes

Experimental and parametric studies on the effect of waste cooking oil methyl ester with diesel fuel in compression ignition engine

Diesel engine discharge characteristics are primarily influenced by fuel qualities, combustion chamber type, and injection settings. This study used combinations of biodiesel, waste cooking oil, and diesel fuel to do a parametric investigation on a diesel engine (DF80-WCOB20, DF70-WCOB30, DF60-WCOB40, and DF50-WCOB50). Using a complete factorial design L75 orthogonal array (O.A.), the experimental and parametric investigations were carried out. According to the experimental findings, DF80-WCOB20, DF70-WCOB30, DF60-WCOB40, and DF50-WCOB50 increase specific energy consumption while reducing engine efficiency, carbon monoxide emissions, and hydrocarbon discharges. At all engine loads, DF80-WCOB20′s brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was higher than that of DF70-WCOB30, DF60-WCOB40, and DF50-WCOB50 for respective compression ratios of 16.5, 17.5, and 18.5. Additionally, the BSFC for C.R. increases (16.5, 17.5, and 18.5) at all engine loads when waste cooking oil biodiesel is mixed with diesel fuel compared to diesel fuel. The findings indicate that while adding biodiesel made from used cooking oil to diesel fuel greatly reduces carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions, it also results in higher nitrogen oxide emissions than diesel fuel

Evaluation of prognostic risk models for postoperative pulmonary complications in adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a systematic review and international external validation cohort study

Background Stratifying risk of postoperative pulmonary complications after major abdominal surgery allows clinicians to modify risk through targeted interventions and enhanced monitoring. In this study, we aimed to identify and validate prognostic models against a new consensus definition of postoperative pulmonary complications. Methods We did a systematic review and international external validation cohort study. The systematic review was done in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched MEDLINE and Embase on March 1, 2020, for articles published in English that reported on risk prediction models for postoperative pulmonary complications following abdominal surgery. External validation of existing models was done within a prospective international cohort study of adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing major abdominal surgery. Data were collected between Jan 1, 2019, and April 30, 2019, in the UK, Ireland, and Australia. Discriminative ability and prognostic accuracy summary statistics were compared between models for the 30-day postoperative pulmonary complication rate as defined by the Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine Core Outcome Measures in Perioperative and Anaesthetic Care (StEP-COMPAC). Model performance was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCC). Findings In total, we identified 2903 records from our literature search; of which, 2514 (86·6%) unique records were screened, 121 (4·8%) of 2514 full texts were assessed for eligibility, and 29 unique prognostic models were identified. Nine (31·0%) of 29 models had score development reported only, 19 (65·5%) had undergone internal validation, and only four (13·8%) had been externally validated. Data to validate six eligible models were collected in the international external validation cohort study. Data from 11 591 patients were available, with an overall postoperative pulmonary complication rate of 7·8% (n=903). None of the six models showed good discrimination (defined as AUROCC ≥0·70) for identifying postoperative pulmonary complications, with the Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia score showing the best discrimination (AUROCC 0·700 [95% CI 0·683–0·717]). Interpretation In the pre-COVID-19 pandemic data, variability in the risk of pulmonary complications (StEP-COMPAC definition) following major abdominal surgery was poorly described by existing prognostication tools. To improve surgical safety during the COVID-19 pandemic recovery and beyond, novel risk stratification tools are required. Funding British Journal of Surgery Society