Perception and safety practices to zoonotic diseases transmission among small ruminant farmers in Ona-Ara local government area of Oyo State

The study examined the awareness and safety practices to zoonotic diseases transmission among small ruminant farmers in Ona-Ara local Government area of Oyo state. Random sampling was used to select 50% of the farmers association in each village to give total number of 110 respondents in the study area. Data was obtained using structured interview schedule and described statistically with Chi Square and PPMC for the hypotheses. The study revealed that most (71.8%) of the respondents were male, 77.3% were married and 54.9% fell above 51 years of age. Also, the study revealed that 48.2% of the respondents had no formal education while few (7.2%) had secondary education with 49.1% of the respondents being Christians and 47.3% Muslim. The study further showed that most (75.5%) of the respondents had low level of awareness towards zoonotic disease transmission while 24.5 % had high awareness on zoonotic diseases. Also, most (50.9%) of the respondents had unfavourable perception towards zoonotic diseases transmission while 49.1 % of them had favourable perception. Also, most (91.8%) of the respondents regularly carried out routine disease monitoring on their animals, bondage the wounds of their animals (91.8%), wash or sanitize their hands after contact with diseased animals (75.5%) and apply disinfectant (70.9%). Hypothesis of the study revealed that there was no significant relationship between socio-economic characteristics of the respondents and their use of safety practices except marital status (x2=29.748, p=0.000) and years of experience (r=0.342.  p=0.000) which were significantly related. PPMC analysis showed that there was significant relationship  between the level of awareness and safety practices (ᵪ2 =0.420, p=0.000). Also, there was significant relationship between respondents’ perception on zoonotic disease transmission (r= 0.294, P=0.02). It is therefore recommended that appropriate authorities should create adequate enlightenment programmes on zoonotic disease transmission through various media to ensure a balance in the level of utilization of zoonotic disease information and safety practices among farmers. Keywords: Awareness, safety practices, zoonotic diseases, small ruminant farmer

Environmental shocks and agricultural revenue: Secondary data analysis of 2018/19 Nigerian general household survey

The study was designed to investigate the link between environmental shocks and agricultural revenue using secondary data obtained from the 2018/2019 Nigerian general household survey. Variables were subjected to correlational analysis using Spearman correlation coefficient. Results indicate that 0.8% and 6.6% of Nigerian households experienced harvest destruction by fire and flooding respectively. The average amount of money accrued from the sale of unprocessed and processed crops in Nigeria were <strike>N</strike>112,774 and <strike>N</strike>44,593 respectively. Destruction of harvest by fire is negatively but insignificantly related to mean total sales of  unprocessed crops (r = -.268, p > 0.05) while it is negatively, strongly and significantly related to mean total sales of processed crops (r = -.996, p < 0.05). Flooding that caused harvest failure is negatively but insignificantly related to mean total sales of unprocessed crops (r = -.217, p > 0.05) and processed crops (r = -.300, p > 0.05). Destruction of harvest by fire is the single most vital determinant of reduced earnings from sales of processed crops. Empirical credence afforded the idea that environmental shocks and agricultural revenue are conflicting social realities in Nigeria. Keywords: Environmental shocks, agricultural revenue, fire outbreaks, flooding

Socio-demographic associates of perceived social support among crop farmers in Ido local government area, Ibadan, Nigeria

This study was designed to assess perceived social support (PSS) and the socio-demographic characteristics associated with same among crop farmers in Ido LGA of Oyo State, Nigeria. The design is a farmer-targeted cross-sectional survey. Primary data were collected among 215 randomly selected respondents using structured questionnaire, which were administered via structured interview. Cross-tabulation and chi-square were used to show distributions and significance of associations between pairs of socio-demographic characteristics and levels of perceived social support. Contingency co-efficient was used to assess the extent of significant associations. Results indicated that high, moderate and marginal levels of social support were enjoyed by 40.9%, 30.7% and 28.4% of respondents, respectively. Sex and age were significantly associated with levels of social support (p < 0.05) but marital status and education were not (p > 0.05). Being female and being of decreased age are significantly associated with benefiting higher level of social support. Marital status and education are inconsequential factors in accruing social support among farmers in the study area. Social support is fairly palpable among farmers, but deliberate efforts to instigate its manifestation will open farmers to reaping the enormous advantages that social support offers. Keywords: Social support, farmers, resilience, welfare, well-being