understanding and managing complications in neurosurgery

It is a well-known surgical maxim that only two types of surgeons do not have surgical complications; those who do not operate, and those who lie. Surgical complications in other words, are unwanted but undeniable part of surgery. There is not one operation with a 0% complication rate and therefore statistically, if a surgeon does not have complications, he probably has not operated enough. Despite their inevitability, complications convey a sense of gravity to the public, health professionals, and the policy makers alike

Low Dose Perioperative Lidocaine Infusion for Post-Operative Pain in Open Cholecystectomy

compare low dose peri-operative lidocaine infusion and placebo for post-operative mean pain score and mean analgesic requirement in open cholecystectomy.Methods: In this prospective randomized comparative study 120 patients, undergoing open cholecystectomy in general anaesthesia, were included. Patients were randomly allocated to either lidocaine infusion (L) or saline group (S) using systematic randomized sampling with 60 patients in each group. Patients in the lidocaine infusion group were given bolus injection of lidocaine 30 minutes before the skin incision followed by a continuous intraveonous via infusion pump whereas the patients in the saline group received 0.9% normal saline in equal volume and in the same manner. The infusion was continued throughout the surgery and was terminated 60 min after the skin closure.Results: Out of the 120 patients 34 (28.3%) were male while 86 (71.7%) were female. Mean age was 41.32±11.512 years. Both mean VAS pain score and mean analgesic requirement were found to be significantly lower in the lidocaine Group (p-values 0.04 and 0.29 respectively), as compared to controls.Conclusion: Peri-operative low dose systemic lidocaine appears to reduce pain in the immediate post-operative period

Did Demonetization Affect Indian Stock Market?

This study explores the impact of "2016 demonetization" on the stock market inIndia. The policy declared 86% of cash in circulation in the form of Indian rupees(INR) 500 &amp; 1000 notes as an illegal tender effective from midnight of November8, 2016. However, India’s government progressively released new 500 and 2000INR notes over the next few months. Following the demonetization announcement, stock prices of cash-sensitive industries like consumer goods and financial services dropped rapidly, reflecting a significant reduction in demand. This study focuses on the short-term effects of demonetization on the stock prices of 100 publicly listed firms using their daily stock data. We use estimating windows within 60 days of the announcement and then capture the short-term effects of demonetization by employing the Ordinary Least Square (OLS), the Fixed Effect (FE), and the Random Effect (RE) methods. Estimation results demonstrate that demonetization effectively decreases stock prices. https://doi.org/10.21632/irjbs.15.1.1-15</p

Precise Computation of Energy Levels and Radiative Lifetimes in the s, p, d, and f Sequence of Hydrogen Isotope, with Natural Line Widths

Energy levels and Radiative lifetimes in Deuterium for the following: ns 2S1/2(n≥2), np2Po(1/2,3/2)(n≥2), nd 2D(3/2,5/2)(n≥3), and nf 2Fo(5/2,7/2)(n≥4) sequence have been  evaluated with uncertainties in energies caused due to uncertainty principal. Theoretical calculations performed utilizing the Weakest Bound Electron Potential Model Theory (WBEPMT). Both sets of data show quite an excellent agreement with the experimental data listed at NIST.  This theoretical computation is also a continuation of the work by Raza. S. et al. in Neutral Hydrogen. The high ‘n’ (principal quantum number) values for both sets  of data are presented very first time by utilizing WBEPMT. Keywords: Energy levels, Radiative lifetimes, Quantum defects, Weakest bound electron, Natural line width. DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/9-10-07 Publication date:May 31st 201

Underwater Resurrection Routing Synergy using Astucious Energy Pods

The accomplishment of sustainable communication among source and destination sink node is a rigors challenge and even establishing bodacious communication link between these nodes is nothing short of a miracle because data routes are governed by the underwater environment. Energy consumption has a significant influence as all active devices rely on the battery. As cost-effective data packet transmission is established as a norm, no charging or replacement can be achieved. Hop link evaluation and shrewd connection discovery by way of a resurrecting linking element were just a genuinely grim task, and only feasible to create the extra powered energy pods (URR-SAEP) that had never been carried out before after detailed study. After packet transfer, the sensor node performs the link inspection process, and when a link is deemed shaky at less than or equivalent to 50 percent of capacity, the target node incorporates its residual capacity status and returns it to the source node that attaches other unoptimizable energy pods to improve only the targeted node link from 50 percent to 90 percent. Performance evaluation using NS2 with Aqua-Sim 2.0 simulator has been obtained comparing with DBR and EEDBR protocols in terms of point-to-point delay, Packet dissemination ratio, Network lifespan and Energy Diminution

¿Afecta la estimulación del macho cabrío el rendimiento reproductivo de las cabras sincronizadas con esponjas de acetato de medroxiprogesterona (MAP)?

This investigation was executed to determine effect of buck exposure on estrus response, onset of standing estrus, ovulation rate, conception rate and pregnancy rate in goats synchronized with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) sponges. Sponges were placed inside the vagina for fifteen days in buck exposed and isolated groups. Post sponge withdrawal, estrus activities were continuously observed. The interval between sponge withdrawal and the onset of standing estrus were 32.3±10 h (18-51 h) and 45.2±10.9 h (27-51h) in buck isolated and exposed group respectively (p&lt;0.05). Ovulation and conception rates were confirmed by serum progesterone level using radioimmunoassay. Ovulation rates were 100% in both groups and conception rates were 93% and 100% in buck exposed and in isolated group respectively (p&gt;0.05). Pregnancies were confirmed by ultrasound on day 35 post mating which were 93%, was and 69% in buck exposed and isolated group respectively (p&gt;0.05). Based upon the evidence, it was inference that post sponge removal sudden buck exposure cause markedly earlier estrus onset while the continuous buck exposure was unable to show significantly impact on conception and pregnancy rates compare to isolated group.Esta investigación se llevó a cabo para determinar el efecto de la exposición al macho cabrío sobre la respuesta al estro, el inicio del estro permanente, la tasa de ovulación, la tasa de concepción y la tasa de preñez en cabras sincronizadas con esponjas de acetato de medroxiprogesterona (MAP). Se colocaron esponjas dentro de la vagina durante quince días en grupos aislados y expuestos a machos. Después de retirar la esponja, se observaron continuamente las actividades estrales. El intervalo entre la retirada de la esponja y el inicio del estro permanente fue de 32.3±10 h (18-51 h) y 45.2±10.9 h (27-51 h) en el grupo de machos aislados y expuestos respectivamente (p&lt;0.05). Las tasas de ovulación y concepción se confirmaron mediante el nivel de progesterona sérica mediante radioinmunoensayo. Las tasas de ovulación fueron del 100% en ambos grupos y las tasas de concepción fueron del 93% y del 100% en los machos expuestos y en el grupo aislado, respectivamente (p&gt;0.05). Los embarazos fueron confirmados por ultrasonido en el día 35 después del apareamiento, que fueron 93%, fue y 69% en el grupo expuesto y aislado de machos, respectivamente (p&gt;0.05). Sobre la base de la evidencia, se infirió que la exposición repentina al macho después de la extracción de la esponja provocó un inicio del estro notablemente más temprano, mientras que la exposición continua al macho no pudo mostrar un impacto significativo en las tasas de concepción y preñez en comparación con el grupo aislado

Role of Flavonoids as Wound Healing Agent

Flavonoids are found as the most abundant bioactive compounds all around the world. It is found in a number of medicinal plants that are used as wound healing agents in traditional medicinal uses such as Buddleja globosa, Moringa oleifera, Lam, Butea monosperma, Parapiptadenia rigida and Ononis spinosa. Flavonoids nowadays are being used in different formulation and wound healing dressings. Inflammation, proliferation and reepithelialization are involved in wound healing. Most of the wound healing medicinal plants possess multiple flavonoids that act as synergistic effect or combined effect. This chapter briefly reviews the role of flavonoids as wound healing agent in traditional and modern medicine