Internet of Things in Agricultural Innovation and Security

The agricultural Internet of Things (Ag-IoT) paradigm has tremendous potential in transparent integration of underground soil sensing, farm machinery, and sensor-guided irrigation systems with the complex social network of growers, agronomists, crop consultants, and advisors. The aim of the IoT in agricultural innovation and security chapter is to present agricultural IoT research and paradigm to promote sustainable production of safe, healthy, and profitable crop and animal agricultural products. This chapter covers the IoT platform to test optimized management strategies, engage farmer and industry groups, and investigate new and traditional technology drivers that will enhance resilience of the farmers to the socio-environmental changes. A review of state-of-the-art communication architectures and underlying sensing technologies and communication mechanisms is presented with coverage of recent advances in the theory and applications of wireless underground communications. Major challenges in Ag-IoT design and implementation are also discussed

Fabrication of a 2.8 v high-performance aqueous flexible fiber-shaped asymmetric micro-supercapacitor based on MnO2/PEDOT:PSS-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite grown on carbon fiber electrode

Flexible and lightweight fiber-shaped micro-supercapacitors have attracted tremendous attention as next-generation portable electronic devices, due to their high flexibility, tiny volume, and wearability. Herein, we successfully fabricated a ternary binder-free nanocomposite of MnO2/PEDOT:PSS-rGO on a carbon fiber substrate for application in high performance fiber-shaped micro-supercapacitors. The synergistic effects of the different components in the fiber-shaped electrode help to deliver a high specific capacitance of 2.9 F cm-2 (194 F cm-3 and 550 mF cm-1) at a current density of 5 mA cm-2 and a long cycle life with 95% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. A fiber-shaped asymmetric micro-device based on the resulting hybrid electrode was assembled. A maximum energy density of EA = 295 μW h cm-2 (EV = 19 mW h cm-3) and power density of PA = 14 mW cm-2 (PV = 930 mW cm-3) were achieved in an operating voltage window of 0-2.0 V in a solid-state Na2SO4-CMC electrolyte. Moreover, a fiber-shaped asymmetric micro-device with a super-concentrated potassium acetate-based water-in-salt electrolyte (27 m KOAC) is presented. The use of the water-in-salt electrolyte enables a cell voltage of 2.8 V, and energy densities are higher than those of the micro-device operating with conventional dilute aqueous electrolytes. This journal i

IMPLANTATION OF AN IRANIAN MADE HYDROXYAPATITE IN RABIT"S ORBIT: DOES IT WORK EFFECTIVELY?

Introduction. Good results of foreign made Hydroxyapatite in human orbit, expensive American and Europian made hydroxyapatites, the possibility to make this material from coral by hydrothermal method and good source of coral in Persian Gulf made us start this study.
 Methods. The left eye of 21 male rabits weighing 200-270 grams were enucleated and implanted by 14mm coralline spheres being covered by preserved rabits sclera (11 with pure coral and 10 with Iranian made hydroxyapatite). The implants were removed for pathologic study after an average time of 79.4 days of clinical evaluation. The type of coral was acropora and the hydrothermal Ion exchange form carbonate to phosphate was performed in chemistry department of Isfahan University.
 Results. No evidence of extrusion was seen in implants. Exposure phenomena was seen 55 and 12 percent in coralline and hydroxyapatite implantation, respectively (P < 0.05). Tissue inflammation was detect 89 and 25 percent of coralline and hydroxyapatite implantation, respectively (P < 0.05).
 Discussion. The tissue tolerance of rabits orbit to Iranian made hydroxyapatite was almost fair and it"s use in human"s orbit could probably be tried safely. Orbital implantation of natural coral in rabits" orbit is accompanied by moderate to sever tissue inflammatory response and tissue necrosis, creating more clinical complications