Partial or total replacement of soybean meal with Iranian cottonseed meat in diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhychus mykiss.)

Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) were calculated in experiment 1 by using chromic oxide in the diet as an indigestible marker to evaluate the Iranian Cottonseed meal (CSMP). Experiment 2 was carried out to investigate the nutritional value of cottonseed meal (CSM) as soybean meal (SBM) substitute in quality low cost rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ration. In this study, six formulated feeds consisting different levels of CSMP (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100%) substitution of SBM were fed to a total of 540 rainbow trout with initial mean body weight of 50±5 g. Fish were randomly stocked into eighteen 100 L. fiberglass tanks with 30 fish per tank and 3 tanks per diet and fed to apparent satiation 3 times a day and 7 days per week for 60 days. The ADC of CSMP and SBM were measured as of dry matter, 62.7 and 69.2%; crude protein, 82.4 and 87.3%; fat, 66.6 and 78.5%, respectively. After an 8 week feeding trial, the average weight gain of fish fed with diets 1 to 6 was: 100.6, 102, 102.9, 103.3, 103.9, and 103.4 g, respectively. Average feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fish fed diets 1 to 6 was measured as of 1.280, 1.317, 1.310, 1.273, 1.290, and 1.253, respectively. For all six treatments, the survival percentage was more than 99%. ADC value for most nutrients of CSMP was different from those of SBM. Weight gain and survival rate were not significantly different (P>0.05) for fish fed with CSMP diets compared to the control diet but the differences of FCR, specific growth ratio (SGR), and daily weight gain (DWG) were significant among different diets (P<0.05). In the feasibility study, complete replacement of SBM by CSMP revealed to be economic and based on the gossypol analysis, total gossypol levels was not observed for toxicity on liver of fish fed by CSMP, indicating the possibility of total replacement of SBM by CSMP in rainbow trout fed formulations

Effects of epidural lidocaine analgesia on labor and delivery: A randomized, prospective, controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Whether epidural analgesia for labor prolongs the active-first and second labor stages and increases the risk of vacuum-assisted delivery is a controversial topic. Our study was conducted to answer the question: does lumbar epidural analgesia with lidocaine affect the progress of labor in our obstetric population? METHOD: 395 healthy, nulliparous women, at term, presented in spontaneous labor with a singleton vertex presentation. These patients were randomized to receive analgesia either, epidural with bolus doses of 1% lidocaine or intravenous, with meperidine 25 to 50 mg when their cervix was dilated to 4 centimeters. The duration of the active-first and second stages of labor and the neonatal apgar scores were recorded, in each patient. The total number of vacuum-assisted and cesarean deliveries were also measured. RESULTS: 197 women were randomized to the epidural group. 198 women were randomized to the single-dose intravenous meperidine group. There was no statistical difference in rates of vacuum-assisted delivery rate. Cesarean deliveries, as a consequence of fetal bradycardia or dystocia, did not differ significantly between the groups. Differences in the duration of the active-first and the second stages of labor were not statistically significant. The number of newborns with 1-min and 5-min Apgar scores less than 7, did not differ significantly between both analgesia groups. CONCLUSION: Epidural analgesia with 1% lidocaine does not prolong the active-first and second stages of labor and does not increase vacuum-assisted or cesarean delivery rate

Examination of Contagion and Oil Price Volatility on Returns of the Stock Market, Exchange Rate and Gold Price in Iran: VAR-DCC-GARCH, Continuous Wavelet, and Time-Varying Wavelet Approach

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between oil price changes and volatility on stock market, foreign exchange rate, and gold rate, using weekly data from August 2013 to June 2021. First, using the VAR-DCC-GARCH approach, conditional correlations between markets are identified and the time series of volatility is extracted. Then, using volatility series, partial and multiple correlations in these markets are investigated using the continuous wavelet and WLMC wavelet approach. The results show that there is a correlation between markets and volatility in oil market can lead to volatility in other markets at different time horizons. The results of the WLMC estimate show that in the event of political uncertainty, WLMC has increased in the short, medium and long term

Partial or Total Replacement of Soybean Meal with Iranian Cottonseed Meal in Diets for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Abstract: Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) were calculated in experiment 1 by using chromic oxide in the diet as an indigestible marker to evaluate the Iranian Cottonseed meal (CSMP). Experiment 2 was carried out to investigate the nutritional value of cottonseed meal ( CSM) as soybean meal (SBM) substitute in quality low cost rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ration. In this study, six formulated feeds consisting different levels of CSMP (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100%) substitution of SBM were fed to a total of 540 rainbow trout with initial mean body weight of 50 ± 5 g. Fish were randomly stocked into eighteen 100 L. fiberglass tanks with 30 fish per tank and 3 tanks per diet and fed to apparent satiation 3 times a day and 7 days per week for 60 days. The ADC of CSMP and SBM were measured as of dry matter, 62.7 and 69.2%; crude protein, 82.4 and 87.3%; fat, 66.6 and 78.5%, respectively. After an 8 week feeding trial, the average weight gain of fish fed with diets 1 to 6 was: 100.6, 102, 102.9, 103.3, 103.9, and 103.4 g, respectively. Average feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fish fed diets 1 to 6 was measured as of 1.280, 1.317, 1.310, 1.273, 1.290, and 1.253, respectively. For all six treatments, the survival percentage was more than 99%. ADC value for most nutrients of CSMP was different from those of SBM. W eight gain and survival rate were not significantly different (P &gt;0.05) for fish fed with CSMP diets compared to the control diet but the differences of FCR, specific growth ratio (SGR), and daily weight gain (DW G) were significant among different diets (P &lt; 0.05). In the feasibility study, complete replacement of SBM by CSMP revealed to be economic and based on the gossypol analysis, total gossypol levels was not observed for toxicity on liver of fish fed by CSMP, indicating the possibility of total replacement of SBM by CSMP in rainbow trout fed formulations