ANATOMIJA I LIJEČENJE PRIJELOMA REBARA U AVICENINU PRIKAZU

Introduction: Avicenna stated interesting points on the symptoms of rib bone fractures, their physical examination, and also treatment and management of the complications in his master piece Canon in Tibb. Method: We reviewed Avicenna’s Canon and his viewpoints on the anatomy of the rib bones and their fractures and compared it with conventional medicine. Result: He described the anatomy of the ribs; he explained the effectiveness of their structure in the protection of vital organs. He also suggested some methods for the management of rib fractures, such as using vacuum at the fracture site or open surgery in case of complications. Conclusion: Avicenna’s point of view on the approach toward rib fractures had some similarities and differences with conventional practice. Some of his suggestions could be taken into account.Uvod: U svom remek-djelu Canon u Tibbu Avicena je iznio zanimljiva gledišta vazana uz simptome prijeloma rebrenih kostiju i njihov fizički pregled te liječenje komplikacija. Metoda: Donosimo pregled Avicenina Canona i njegova pogleda na anatomiju rebrenih kostiju i njihove prijelome i uspoređujemo ih s konvencionalnom medicinom. Rezultat: Avicena je opisao anatomiju rebara; objasnio je djelotvornost njihove strukture u zaštiti vitalnih organa. Predložio je i neke od metoda za liječenje prijeloma rebara poput upotrebe vakuuma na mjestu prijeloma ili otvorene operacije u slučaju komplikacija. Zaključak: Avicenin pogled na pristup liječenju prijeloma rebara imao je neke sličnosti i razlike s konvencionalnom praksom. Neka od njegovih razmišljanja mogu se i danas uzeti u obzir

Morphine Attenuated the Cytotoxicity Induced by Arsenic Trioxide in H9c2 Cardiomyocytes.

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is an efficient drug for the treatment of the patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Inhibition of proliferation as well as apoptosis, attenuation of migration, and induction of differentiation in tumor cells are the main mechanisms through which ATO acts against APL. Despite advantages of ATO in treatment of some malignancies, certain harmful side effects, such as cardiotoxicity, have been reported. It has been well documented that morphine has antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and cytoprotective properties and is able to attenuate cytotoxicity. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of morphine against ATO toxicity in H9c2 myocytes using multi-parametric assay including thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, caspase 3 activity, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation assay, and expression of apoptotic markers. Our results showed that morphine (1 μM) attenuated cytotoxicity induced by ATO in H9c2 cells. Results of this study suggest that morphine may have protective properties in management of cardiac toxicity in patients who receive ATO as an anti-cancer treatment

Anatomija i liječenje prijeloma rebara u Aviceninu prikazu

Introduction: Avicenna stated interesting points on the symptoms of rib bone fractures, their physical examination, and also treatment and management of the complications in his master piece Canon in Tibb. Method: We reviewed Avicenna’s Canon and his viewpoints on the anatomy of the rib bones and their fractures and compared it with conventional medicine. Result: He described the anatomy of the ribs; he explained the effectiveness of their structure in the protection of vital organs. He also suggested some methods for the management of rib fractures, such as using vacuum at the fracture site or open surgery in case of complications. Conclusion: Avicenna’s point of view on the approach toward rib fractures had some similarities and differences with conventional practice. Some of his suggestions could be taken into account.Uvod: U svom remek-djelu Canon u Tibbu Avicena je iznio zanimljiva gledišta vazana uz simptome prijeloma rebrenih kostiju i njihov fizički pregled te liječenje komplikacija. Metoda: Donosimo pregled Avicenina Canona i njegova pogleda na anatomiju rebrenih kostiju i njihove prijelome i uspoređujemo ih s konvencionalnom medicinom. Rezultat: Avicena je opisao anatomiju rebara; objasnio je djelotvornost njihove strukture u zaštiti vitalnih organa. Predložio je i neke od metoda za liječenje prijeloma rebara poput upotrebe vakuuma na mjestu prijeloma ili otvorene operacije u slučaju komplikacija. Zaključak: Avicenin pogled na pristup liječenju prijeloma rebara imao je neke sličnosti i razlike s konvencionalnom praksom. Neka od njegovih razmišljanja mogu se i danas uzeti u obzir

Structural Alteration in Dermal Vessels and Collagen Bundles following Exposure of Skin Wound to Zeolite-Bentonite Compound

Background. This study examines the impact of one-time direct application of haemostatic agent zeolite-bentonite powder to wounded skin on the healing process in rats. Materials and Methods. 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into two groups ( = 12): (1) the rats whose wounds were washed only with sterile normal saline (NS-treated) and (2) those treated with zeolite-bentonite compound (ZEO-treated). The wound was circular, full-thickness, and 2 cm in diameter. At the end of the 12th day, six animals from each group were randomly selected and terminated. The remaining rats were terminated after 21 days. Just after scarification, skin samples were excised and sent for stereological evaluation. Results. The results showed a significant difference between the two groups regarding the length density of the blood vessels and diameter of the large and small vessels on the 12th day after the wound was inflicted. Besides, volume density of both the dermis and collagen bundles was reduced by 25% in the ZEO-treated rats in comparison to the NS-treated animals after 21 days. Conclusions. One-time topical usage of zeolitebentonite haemostatic powder on an animal skin wound might negatively affect the healing process through vasoconstriction and inhibition of neoangiogenesis

The effect of spinally administered WIN 55,212-2, a cannabinoid agonist, on thermal pain sensitivity in diabetic rats

Objective(s):Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes that leads to allodynia, impaired nerve conduction, and progressive sensory loss. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of a high-affinity cannabinoid receptors agonist, WIN 55,212-2, on thermal hyperalgesia, nerve conduction velocity and sciatic nerve histopathology in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Diabetes was induced in rats using a single dose of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg IP). Results: Intrathecal (IT) administration of WIN55, 212-2 (1, 10, 100 µg/10 µl, IT), produced antinociceptive effects in the hot plate test and also improved nerve conduction velocity (100 µg/10 µl, IT) and sciatic nerve histology. Conclusion: These data show that cannabinoids have potent antinociceptive effects through direct actions in the spinal dorsal horn of nociceptive pathway. This suggests that intrathecally administered cannabinoids may offer hopeful strategies for the treatment of diabetic neuropathic pain

Metformin attenuates streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats through activation of AMPK signaling pathway

Background: Nephropathy is the main problem of diabetes and can be classified into several phases according to the presence of albuminuria. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) operates as a sensor of energy charge. Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the reno-protective properties of AMPK signaling pathway against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced nephropathy in the rat. Materials and Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into four groups. Group 1 was normal rats (N group); group 2 was diabetic rats (D group); group 3 received diabetic rats + metformin (DM group), and group 4 received giabetic rats + metformin + dorsomorphin (DMD group). Serum albumin, uric acid, total protein and creatinine for estimation of renal injury were measured. Finally, the histological study was evaluated. Results: Reduction of body weight, albumin and total protein in the diabetic rat was reversed by metformin administration. Our results showed that serum uric acid and creatinine were significantly increased in diabetic rats and decreased after treatment with metformin in diabetic rats. AMPK improved the histopathology and morphological changes in STZinduced diabetic rats. Administration of dorsomorphin (AMPK inhibitor) with metformin can reverse the beneficial effects of AMPK. Conclusions: AMPK signaling pathway ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by modifications of serum albumin, uric acid, total protein, creatinine and attenuation of kidney damage

Morphine attenuated the cytotoxicity induced by arsenic trioxide in H9c2 cardiomyocytes

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is an efficient drug for the treatment of the patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Inhibition of proliferation as well as apoptosis, attenuation of migration, and induction of differentiation in tumor cells are the main mechanisms through which ATO acts against APL. Despite advantages of ATO in treatment of some malignancies, certain harmful side effects, such as cardiotoxicity, have been reported. It has been well documented that morphine has antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and cytoprotective properties and is able to attenuate cytotoxicity. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of morphine against ATO toxicity in H9c2 myocytes using multi-parametric assay including thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, caspase 3 activity, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation assay, and expression of apoptotic markers. Our results showed that morphine (1 μM) attenuated cytotoxicity induced by ATO in H9c2 cells. Results of this study suggest that morphine may have protective properties in management of cardiac toxicity in patients who receive ATO as an anti-cancer treatment