Digital Binary Codes Transmission via TDMA Networks Communication System Using Dark and Bright Optical Soliton

In this study, new system of microring resonator forquantum cryptography in network communication is proposed.optical potential well can be generated and propagate via anonlinear modified add/drop interferometer systemincorporated with a beam splitter and a time division multipleaccess (TDMA) system wherein the quantum binary codes canbe generated, propagated and transmitted. A system known asoptical multiplexer can be used to increase the channel capacityand security of the signals, where the beam splitters generatehigh capacity of binary codes within the proposed system.Therefore, ring resonator system is used to form the opticalpotential wells. The multiplexed potential wells are formed andtransmit via an available link, where the logic codes can be sentout with different time, used for high capacity transmission ofthe secured data. In this work narrow pulses with FHHM of 9.57nm and 8 nm could be obtained from the drop and throughports of the add/drop interferometer system respectively. Theoutputs of different center wavelengths are combined and usedto generate multiple potential well signals, where the multiplesignals with FWHM and FSR of 0.8 nm and 5 nm could beobtained respectively. Digital codes can be generated andtransmitted via communication networks systems such as timedivision multiple access (TDMA) using dark and bright solitonpulses with FHHM and FSR of 0.54 nm and 4.71 nm

Generation of Quantum Photon Information Using Extremely Narrow Optical Tweezers for Computer Network Communication

A system of microring resonator (MRR) is presentedto generate extremely narrow optical tweezers. An add/dropfilter system consisting of one centered ring and one smaller ringon the left side can be used to generate extremely narrow pulseof optical tweezers. Optical tweezers generated by the dark-Gaussian behavior propagate via the MRRs system, where theinput Gaussian pulse controls the output signal at the drop portof the system. Here the output optical tweezers can be connectedto a quantum signal processing system (receiver), where it can beused to generate high capacity quantum codes within series ofMRR’s and an add/drop filter. Detection of the encoded signalsknown as quantum bits can be done by the receiver unit system.Generated entangled photon pair propagates via an opticalcommunication link. Here, the result of optical tweezers with fullwidth at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.3 nm, 0.8 nm and 1.6 nm,1.3 nm are obtained at the through and drop ports of the systemrespectively. These results used to be transmitted through aquantum signal processor via an optical computer networkcommunication link

Solitonic pulse generation for optical wireless communication using microring resonator

In this paper, a system of microring resonator (MRR) is presented to generate picosecond solitonic pulse for optical wireless communication. When a Gaussian pulse is circulated inside the first ring in the proposed system, chaotic signals are generated because of the nonlinear Kerr effect. Then next MRR in the system filters the chaotic signals and the solitonic pulse shape is generated. Then an add/drop filter is used to tune soliton pulses where the accurate FWHM of 130 ps and FSR of 3.7 ns with power of 2.45 W will be filtered. The performance of the proposed solitonic pulse shape is analysed in terms of bit error rate (BER). During the analysis, the proposed pulse shape is compared against the conventional rectangular and Gaussian pulse shapes in an optical wireless communication system (OWC) with an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Results show the superiority of the proposed solitonic pulse shape for OWC

Context-aware multi-user offloading in mobile edge computing: A federated learning-based approach

Mobile edge computing (MEC) provides aneffective solution to help the Internet of Things (IoT)devices with delay-sensitive and computation-intensivetasks by offering computing capabilities in the proximityof mobile device users. Most of the existing studies ignorecontext information of the application, requests, sensors,resources, and network. However, in practice, contextinformation has a significant impact on offloading decisions.In this paper, we consider context-aware offloadingin MEC with multi-user. The contexts are collected usingautonomous management as the MAPE loop in alloffloading processes. Also, federated learning (FL)-basedoffloading is presented. Our learning method in mobiledevices (MDs) is deep reinforcement learning (DRL). FLhelps us to use distributed capabilities of MEC with updatedweights between MDs and edge devices (Eds). Thesimulation results indicate our method is superior to localcomputing, offload, and FL without considering contextawarealgorithms in terms of energy consumption, executioncost, network usage, delay, and fairness

Are (Nonprofit) Banks Special? The Economic Effects of Banking with Credit Unions

Nonprofit banks in the U.S. are primarily organized as credit unions (CUs) and have grown steadily over the last two decades, increasing their share of total lending to U.S. households. This paper studies the economic effects of banking with CUs using consumer credit report data merged to administrative data on originated mortgages and detailed data on the locations and balance sheets of CUs. To estimate causal effects, I construct a novel instrument for banking with a CU using a distance-weighted density measure of nearby CUs. I find that banking with a CU causes borrowers to have fewer unpaid bills, higher credit scores, and a lower risk of bankruptcy several years later. I find support for several mechanisms behind these results: CUs charge lower interest rates, price in less risk-sensitive ways, and are less likely to resell their originated mortgages in the secondary market. These results are inconsistent with CUs behaving as ``for-profits in disguise" and suggest that many consumers experience better outcomes with CUs than with for-profit banks

Generation of discrete frequency and wavelength for secured computer networks system using integrated ring resonators

In this study, a system of discrete optical pulse generation via a series of microring resonator (MRR) is presented. Chaotic signals can be generated by an optical soliton or a Gaussian pulse within a MRR system. Large bandwidth signals of optical soliton are generated by input pulse propagating within the MRRs, which can be used to form continuous wavelength or frequency with large tunable channel capacity. Therefore, distinguished discrete wavelength or frequency pulses can be generated by using localized spatial pulses via a networks communication system. Selected discrete pulses are more suitable to generate high-secured quantum codes because of the large free spectral range (FSR). Quantum codes can be generated by using a polarization control unit and a beam splitter, incorporating to the MRRs. In this work, frequency band of 10.7 MHz and 16 MHz and wavelengths of 206.9 nm, 1448 nm, 2169 nm and 2489 nm are localized and obtained which can be used for quantum codes generation applicable for secured networks communication

Multi optical Soliton generated by PANDA ring resonator for secure network communication

In this study, new system of quantum cryptography for network communication is proposed. Multi optical Soliton can be generated and propagate via a nonlinear modified add/drop interferometer system incorporated with a time division multiple access (TDMA) system wherein the transportation of quantum codes is performed. To increase the channel capacity and security of the signals, the PANDA ring resonator is proposed. Chaotic output signals from the PANDA ring resonator are input into the add/drop filter system. Chaotic signals can be filtered by using the add/drop filter system in which multi dark and bright solitons can be obtained and used to generate entangled quantum codes for internet security. In this study soliton pulses with FWHM and FSR of 325 pm and 880 nm are generated, respectively, where the Gaussian pulse with a centre wavelength of 1.55 µm and power of 600 mW is input into the system