Spatial variation and geographic-demographic determinants of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in the city-state of Singapore

10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.12.014Annals of Emergency Medicine584343-351AEME

How accurate are vital signs in predicting clinical outcomes in critically ill emergency department patients

10.1097/MEJ.0b013e32834fdcf3European Journal of Emergency Medicine20127-3

Spatial analysis of ambulance response times related to prehospital cardiac arrests in the city-state of Singapore

10.3109/10903127.2011.615974Prehospital Emergency Care162256-265PEMC

Prediction of cardiac arrest in critically ill patients presenting to the emergency department using a machine learning score incorporating heart rate variability compared with the modified early warning score

10.1186/cc11396Critical Care163R10

Heart rate variability risk score for prediction of acute cardiac complications in ED patients with chest pain

10.1016/j.ajem.2013.05.005American Journal of Emergency Medicine3181201-1207AJEM

Epidemiology and outcome of paediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrests: A paediatric sub-study of the Pan-Asian resuscitation outcomes study (PAROS)

Background: The Pan Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study (PAROS) is a retrospective study of out- of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA), collaborating with EMS agencies and academic centers in Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and UAE-Dubai. The objectives of this study is to describe the characteristics and outcomes, and to find factors associated with survival after paediatric OHCA. Methods: We studied all children less than 17 years of age with OHCA conveyed by EMS and non-EMS transports from January 2009 to December 2012. We did univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to assess the factors associated with survival-to-discharge outcomes. Results: A total of 974 children with OHCA were included. Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation rates ranged from 53.5% (Korea), 35.6% (Singapore) to 11.8% (UAE). Overall, 8.6% (range 0%–9.7%) of the children survived to discharge from hospital. Adolescents (13–17 years) had the highest survival rate of 13.8%. 3.7% of the children survived with good neurological outcomes of CPC 1 or 2. The independent pre-hospital factors associated with survival to discharge were witnessed arrest and initial shockable rhythm. In the sub-group analysis, pre-hospital advanced airway [odds ratio (OR) = 3.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.23–9.13] was positively associated with survival-to-discharge outcomes in children less than 13 years-old. Among adolescents, bystander CPR (OR = 2.74, 95%CI = 1.03–7.3) and initial shockable rhythm (OR = 20.51, 95%CI = 2.15–195.7) were positive factors. Conclusion: The wide variation in the survival outcomes amongst the seven countries in our study may be due to the differences in the delivery of pre-hospital interventions and bystander CPR rates

Impact of bystander-focused public health interventions on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and survival: a cohort study

10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30140-7The Lancet Public Health58e428-e43