An eco-friendly dyeing of woolen yarn by Terminalia chebula extract with evaluations of kinetic and adsorption characteristics

In the present study Terminalia chebula was used as an eco-friendly natural colorant for sustainable textile coloration of woolen yarn with primary emphasis on thermodynamic and kinetic adsorption aspects of dyeing processes. Polyphenols and ellagitannins are the main coloring components of the dye extract. Assessment of the effect of pH on dye adsorption showed an increase in adsorption capacity with decreasing pH. Effect of temperature on dye adsorption showed 80 °C as optimum temperature for wool dyeing with T. chebula dye extract. Two kinetic equations, namely pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order equations, were employed to investigate the adsorption rates. Pseudo second-order model provided the best fit (R2 = 0.9908) to the experimental data. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The adsorption behavior accorded well (R2 = 0.9937) with Langmuir isotherm model. Variety of eco-friendly and sustainable shades were developed in combination with small amount of metallic mordants and assessed in terms of colorimetric (CIEL∗a∗b∗ and K/S) properties measured using spectrophotometer under D65 illuminant (10° standard observer). The fastness properties of dyed woolen yarn against light, washing, dry and wet rubbing were also evaluated

満腹制御や細胞質Ca^<2+>シグナリングに関する代謝型受容体の機能的補償現象

The peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) originally described as a gut hormone secreted from duodenum (intestine) is a ubiquitous neuropeptide involved in a variety of homeostatic and physiological functions. A product of obese (Ob) gene leptin is circulating protein synthesized by the white adipose tissue. Both of these are functioning as signaling messengers involved in regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis, whereas their receptor localization, physiological interaction and functional compensation between receptors / or its receptor subtypes in the hypothalamic satiety centers are not well characterized. In the present study, we examined fura-2 based intracellular Ca^ imaging in acutely isolated mouse hypothalamic slices to analyze leptin and CCK-mediated signaling in details using gene knockout mice lacking CCK-1 receptors (CCK1R-/-). The CCK receptors are categorized into two subtypes, CCK-1 and -2, both of which share a common phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway to mobilize intracellular Ca^ following receptor stimulations. We focused CCK-mediated Ca^ signaling in parvocellular paraventricular nucleus (PVN) cells, which control satiety and represent highest expression of CCK-1 receptors in the brain. Analysis of mouse hypothalamic slices demonstrated that the general CCK receptor agonist CCK-8s (10 nM) triggered Ca^ transients most significantly in the posterior sub-region of the PVN (PaPo). This 10 nM CCK-8s-induced response was absent in CCK1R-/- slices, showing that the response is mediated by CCK-1 receptors. CCK-8s concentrations higher than 30 nM triggered a Ca^ rise similarly in wild-type and CCK1R-/- slices. The large CCK-8s (100 nM)-induced Ca^ responses in CCK1R-/- slices were blocked by a CCK-2 receptor antagonist (CI-988), whereas those in wild-type slices required a mixture of CI-988 and lorglumide (a CCK-1 receptor antagonist) for complete antagonism. Therefore, CCK-1 and -2 receptors may function synergistically in single PaPo neurons and deletion of CCK-1 receptors may facilitate CCK-2 receptor signaling. This hypothesis was supported by results of real-time RT-PCR, immunofluorescence double labeling and western blotting assays, which indicated CCK-2 receptor over expression in PaPo neurons of CCK1R-/- mice. Furthermore, behavioral studies showed that intraperitoneal injections of lorglumide up-regulated food accesses in wild-type but not in CCK1R -/- mice, whereas CI-988 injections up-regulated food accesses in CCK1R-/- but not in wild-type mice. The compensatory CCK receptor signaling shed light on currently controversial satiety-controlling mechanisms in CCK1R-/- mice. Because of regular food intake activities and body weights are also reported for CCK null mutant mice, functional compensation for molecules underlying CCK-mediated satiety controls may not be limited to the two CCK receptor subtypes, and may also include other receptor signaling molecules such as leptin. So, we further extended our study focused on leptin and CCK signaling in hypothalamic neurons. Our preliminary data based on Ca2+ imaging and real time RT-PCR assay indicated that leptin and CCK-1 receptor signaling were synergistically interacted in PVN neurons as in the case of CCK-1 and -2 receptors. These results suggested receptor-wide as well as subtype-wide compensatory mechanisms in the regulation of satiety via metabotropic receptors.富山大学・富生命博甲第52号・Shahid Mohammad・2013/09/27富山大

Turkey Red Dyeing and Printing

No abstract available

Death before Birth : Negotiating Reproduction, Female Infanticide and Sex Selective Abortion in Tamil Nadu, South India

This thesis deals with the cultural and political underpinnings of female infanticide and sex selective abortion in contemporary South India. Based on a fifteen months' ethnographic fieldwork in western parts of Salem district in Tamil Nadu, I explore the ideas and practices around deaths of (un)born children - particularly in the context of issues of gender-selective child survival, use and control over new reproductive technologies for sex selection, fertility and reproduction. Elucidating further the ethnographic contexts of state and non-state (primarily NGO) interventions in these deaths, the thesis examines the new forms of governance on issues that affect contemporary Tamil women. I discuss three different discourses by the government, by NGOs, and by the communities on the meaning and context of these deaths including the ways in which these meanings and ideas are reconceptualised and re-configured into a changing social and cultural context of birth. My thesis, therefore, contributes to the anthropology of reproduction. The underlying questions of the thesis are: Why has female infanticide, which was claimed to be effectively controlled in nineteenth century colonial India, appeared in post-colonial (South) India - in the form of both sex selective abortion and female infanticide - in communities and regions where it was previously claimed to be unknown? What effects could these social practices have on contemporary women' s positions and their developments and vice-versa? In answering these questions. the thesis makes a significant departure from previous anthropological studies on female infanticide in India in that it does not solely look into one single unit (village/s in this case), but uses a multi-sited approach, covering a wider geographical area, i.e .. parts of Salem, Dharmapuri, and Erode districts of Tamil Nadu. The thesis also shifts from the purely demographic approach to female infanticide in that it does not generate a new data set on female infanticide. Rather, it engages with the institutional responses and their rhetoric on female infanticide and sex selective abortion