Helicobacter pylori and its virulence factors’ effect on serum oxidative DNA damages in adults with dyspepsia

Helicobacter Pylori infection is a common gastrointestinal infection that can cause pathological effects, increase oxidative stress and induce an inflammatory response in gastric mucosa. Inflammatory aspects may prompt the production of radical oxygen substance (ROS) which may damage cells and release 8-hydroxydyoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) to serum. In this study, we evaluate the prevalence of H. pylori virulence factors and the association between serum level of 8-OHdG, H. pylori infection, and its various virulence factors. The presence of H. pylori and prevalence of cagA, babA and oipA genes in samples were determined by rapid urease test (RUT), histopathological exam (HE) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and oxidative DNA damage situation were assessed by using serum level of 8-OHdG. There was not any direct relation between H. pylori negative and H. pylori oipA+specimens by 8-OHdG serum level (P>0.05). In all clinical observations, the presence of cagA and oipA genes was common. There was a statistical relationship between the presence of cagA, babA factors, and high serum level of 8-OHdG (P<0.05). The presence of cagA and babA virulence factors may be associated with increased serum 8-OHdG in dyspeptic patients and may induce the damage to gastric cells. © 2016 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Relationship between helicobacter pylori CagA+ infection and iron deficiency anemia in children under 5 years of age

Background and purpose: Iron anemia deficiency and helicobacter pylori infection are common diseases throughout the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and H. pylori CagA+ infection among children under 5 years of age. Materials and methods: An analytical-descriptive study was performed in Hajar and Kashani hospitals in Shahrekord, Iran, 2014. We investigated the seropositive prevalence of H. pylori CagA+ infection in 59 children with IDA and compared the results with that of 69 sex- and age-matched non-anemic children using SPSS V.20. Results: The mean age of participants in case and control groups was 42±3 and 40±2 months, respectively. The controls and cases included 30 boys and 29 girls and 30 boys and 39 girls, respectively. In anemic children 50% were found to be positive for IgG anti-CagA while in non-anemic group 8% were detected. The results showed significant relationship between the two groups (P< 0.01). Conclusion: Helicobacter pylori infection may induce iron deficiency anemia and CagA virulence factor may play a role in the severity of anemia

Study of association between helicobacter pylori infection and microalbuminuria in type-2 diabetic patients

BACKGROUND/AIMS: As default, Helicobacter pylori infection may cause systemic inflammation and vascular endothelial damage. Therefore, it can be assumed that the glomerular damage as a result may lead to an increase in urinary albumin excretion. In this study, this hypothesis was set, and the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and microalbuminuria was examined. METHODS: Ninety-three patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the study. These patients were divided into two groups as Helicobacter pylori infection-positive (Group 1) or -negative (Group 2). In all infected and non-infected patients, urinary albumin excretion and other parameters were compared. RESULTS: The presence of Helicobacter pylori infection was detected in 53 of 93 diabetic patients (56.98%). Diabetic patients infected by Helicobacter pylori (Group 1; 186.7±24.2 mg/24 h) showed significantly higher microalbuminuria than non-infected patients (Group 2; 131.2±11.6 mg/24 h) (p=0.012). Diabetics infected with Helicobacter pylori had significantly higher inflammation marker levels than non-infected patients (p<0.05). It has been concluded that the relation between microalbuminuria level and Helicobacter pylori infection in diabetics is independent from other study variables. CONCLUSIONS: Helicobacter pylori infection, because of the systemic inflammatory response, may play an important role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy or its development. In this study, demonstrating the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection with diabetic microalbuminuria, due to the small number of patients, is inadequate. Therefore, clinical and molecular studies involving more patients should be supported

NANOPARTICLE: AS TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR DEPRESSION

Nanoparticles (NP) are defined as particles with a diameter smaller than 100 nm, are increasingly used in different applications, including drug carrier systems and to pass organ barriers such as the blood-brain barrier. Particulate systems like nanoparticles have been used as a physical approach to alter and improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of various types of drug molecules. Different methods containing various polymers are used for formulation of nanoparticle to increase therapeutic benefit, while minimizing side effect for drug delivery research. While benefits of nanotechnology are widely publicised, the discussion of the potential effects of their widespread use in the consumer and industrial products are just beginning to emerge. This review provides comprehensive analysis of data available on health effects of nanomaterials

Regulation of sonic hedgehog-GLI1 downstream target genes PTCH1, Cyclin D2, Plakoglobin, PAX6 and NKX2.2 and their epigenetic status in medulloblastoma and astrocytoma

Abstract Background The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is critical for cell growth and differentiation. Impairment of this pathway can result in both birth defects and cancer. Despite its importance in cancer development, the Shh pathway has not been thoroughly investigated in tumorigenesis of brain tumors. In this study, we sought to understand the regulatory roles of GLI1, the immediate downstream activator of the Shh signaling pathway on its downstream target genes PTCH1, Cyclin D2, Plakoglobin, NKX2.2 and PAX6 in medulloblastoma and astrocytic tumors. Methods We silenced GLI1 expression in medulloblastoma and astrocytic cell lines by transfection of siRNA against GLI1. Subsequently, we performed RT-PCR and quantitative real time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) to assay the expression of downstream target genes PTCH1, Cyclin D2, Plakoglobin, NKX2.2 and PAX6. We also attempted to correlate the pattern of expression of GLI1 and its regulated genes in 14 cell lines and 41 primary medulloblastoma and astrocytoma tumor samples. We also assessed the methylation status of the Cyclin D2 and PTCH1 promoters in these 14 cell lines and 58 primary tumor samples. Results Silencing expression of GLI1 resulted up-regulation of all target genes in the medulloblastoma cell line, while only PTCH1 was up-regulated in astrocytoma. We also observed methylation of the cyclin D2 promoter in a significant number of astrocytoma cell lines (63%) and primary astrocytoma tumor samples (32%), but not at all in any medulloblastoma samples. PTCH1 promoter methylation was less frequently observed than Cyclin D2 promoter methylation in astrocytomas, and not at all in medulloblastomas. Conclusions Our results demonstrate different regulatory mechanisms of Shh-GLI1 signaling. These differences vary according to the downstream target gene affected, the origin of the tissue, as well as epigenetic regulation of some of these genes.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78313/1/1471-2407-10-614.xmlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78313/2/1471-2407-10-614.pdfPeer Reviewe