THE ROLE OF COPROPHAGOUS BEETLES ON DUNG DECOMPOSITION AND ENHACEMENT SOIL FERTILITY: EFFECT OF BODY SIZE, SPECIES DIVERSITY AND BIOMASS

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh keragaman spesies, ukuran dan biomassa kumbang koprofagus dalam merombak  kotoran  hewan  dan  meningkatkan  kesuburan  tanah.    Percobaan  dilakukan  menggunakan  Rancangan  Acak  Lengkap dengan  perlakuan    jumlah  dan  panjang  tubuh  spesies  kumbang  koprofagus.  Peubah  tergantung  yang  diamati  adalah  persentase kotoran yang terdekomposisi dan kadar bahan organik serta N,P,K total tanah sebagai indikator kesuburan tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase kotoran hewan yang terdekomposisi lebih dipengaruhi oleh ukuran dan biomassa kumbang yang terlibat dibandingkan dengan jumlah spesies. Persentase kotoran yang terdekomposisi berkorelasi positif dengan ukuran kumbang koprofagus. Kadar N,P,K total tanah meningkat mengikuti jumlah kotoran hewan yang terdekomposisi yang mengindikasikan bahwa aktifitas perombakan kotoran hewan oleh kumbang koprofagus berpengaruh positif terhadap kesuburan tanah

EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAUN SELASIH (Ocimum Sp.) DAN DAUN WANGI (Melaleuca bracteata L.) SEBAGAI ATRAKTAN LALAT BUAH PADA TANAMAN CABAI

The research aimed to identify (1) the attractiveness of leaf extract of Ocimum sp. and M. bracteataon fruit flies in chili plantation and (2) species of fruit flies collected from the plantation. The studywas conducted from March to April 2009 using a Completely Randomized Block design with 3treatments of traps and 4 replications. The results showed that leaf extract of Occimum sp. and M.bracteata were effective attractants for trapping and controlling fruit flies at the chili plantation.The number of fruit flies trapped on both attractant was significantly higher compare with thattrapped on control (without attractant) but M.bractetata extract showed a higher attractiveness tofruit flies compare with Occimum sp. extract. However, the effectiveness of those attractants wasdecreased with time. The species of fruit flies recorded was Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel.Key words: Attractans, fruit flies, Occimum sp., M. bracteates

TEKNIK PENGENDALIAN LALAT BUAH Bactrocera SP. (DIPTERA : TEPHRITIDAE) PADA PERTANAMAN CABAI MENGGUNAKAN PERANGKAP DENGAN ISYARAT KIMIA DAN VISUAL

Understanding and utilization of insect pest behavior are needed for developing an effectivecontrolling program. An experiment has been conducted in a chili plantation to determine how capturesof oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera sp.) were affected by combining olfactory and visual stimuli in traps.The study was performed by using a Completely Randomized Block design with 6 combinationtreatments of chemical (Melaleuca bracteata extract, MB) and visual (colour trap) cues and 3replications. The results showed that combination of MB and yellow colour of the traps wassignificantly more attractive to fruit flies than the other treatments and such treatments could reducethe infested level of the flies. Although chemical cues most likely has a stronger effect than visualcues on trapping the flies, this study suggest that an effective control of oriental fruit fly shouldinclude both visual and olfactory cues.Key words: Behavioral based control, fruit flies, trapping

DAMPAK ALIH GUNA HUTAN MENJADI LAHAN PERTANIAN TERHADAP KEANEKARAGAMAN KUMBANG TINJA (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE) DI SEKITAR TAMAN NASIONAL LORE LINDU

A study was conducted to evaluated effect of forest convertion to agriculture land on diversity of dung beetles which play a major role in decomposition of animal dung and carcasses. Sample was collected from Lore Lindu national Park at different land use type i.e. primary forest, secondary forest, cacao plantation ad maize field. I recorded 18 species of dung beetles from all study sites. The result showed that there were a reduction of dung beetles diversity due to forest convertion. The species number of dung beetles at primary forest was two times higher than those in secondary forest and was three times higher compared to those in cacao plantation and maize field. Furthermore, species composition of dung beetles at primary forest was significantly different compared to all other land use type.Key words : Forest conversion, diversity, dung beetles, conservatio

Are business students computer literate?

In the modem world, a person without a computer knowledge will be considered a crippled person. The knowledge of computer is crucial for business managers, however. A computer literate person is one who understands the computer technology, can use the computer, and is able to understand its limitations. Realizing a need for computer literacy, colleges and universities require students to take at least a course in computer. This trend started in 1980 and now most students could be considered computer literate. This paper summarizes the results of the surveys in 1985, 1987, and 1992 of the students in the introductory course in computer. The survey found that more and more students know more about computers, the software, and their applications. The survey shows that the percent of students who know different software has consistently increased since 1985

UJI AKTIVITAS INSEKTISIDA EKSTRAK DAUN SERAI TERHADAP ULAT DAUN KUBIS (Plutella xylostella L.) DI LABORATORIUM

The study was conducted to evaluate effects of varied concentrations of methanol extract of lemongrass, Andropogon nardus L. (10.5%, 9.5%, 8.5%, 7,5%, 6.5%, and 0% as control) on mortality andfeeding activity of the third-instars of P.xylostella larvae. It was used a randomized complete designwith three replicates. The results showed that the leaf extract of Andropogon nardus at 8.5 % wasthe best treatment as it could caused high mortality of P. xylostella (66.67 %) and it was able todeter the feeding activity up to 82.66 %. The data suggested that extracts of Andropogon narduscontains toxic oil and feeding activity repellant.Key words: Diamondback moth, insecticidal activity, lemon grass

Historicizing 'Law' as a Language of Progress, and Its Anomalies: The Case of Penal Law Reforms in Colonial India.

This paper dispels the myth of liberal Enlightenment in relation to penal law reforms in colonial India by advancing two sets of argument. First, the liberal project of codification on the basis of universalist notion of utilitarianism never broke with cultural hierarchy inbuilt in the very act of colonisation. In this paper, I specifically look into the emerging phenomenon of evolutionary science in the nineteenth century – social Darwinism – to explain the dominant normative, as opposed to realist, justification of such racial hierarchy in colonial discourses since the nineteenth century. Second, using Dipesh Chakrabarty’s theoretical framework, I provincialise the penal law reform project in colonial India through the examination of literature in the field, and substantiate how the notion of utilitarian universality remained vague and unpromising in face of instrumental needs on ground – both in the colony and in the metropolis. Taken together, these propositions dispel the myth of the liberal project of penal law reforms in colonial India based on this universalist position and underscore the fallacies of the transition narrative of modernity itself

Efektifitas Tanaman Serai (Andropogan Nardus L.) sebagai Tanaman Penolak Liriomyza Sp.(diptera : Agromizidae) pada Pertanaman Bawang Merah Lembah Pal

The research objective was to determine the effectiveness of the lemongrass plant (Andropogannardus L.) as a repellent pest plant against Liriomyza sp. At shallot cropping in Palu Valley. This study used a randomized block design within which treatments included planting lemongrass plant (PLP) at four weeks (PLP 4), two weeks before (PLP 2) and at the same time (PLP 0) of the shallot crop was planted, as well as control (with no lemongrass planting). Variables observed were the populations of adult Liriomyza sp. and the attack rate of Liriomyza sp. as well as the crop production. The results showed that five and six weeks after the shallots were planted, the population of adult and the attack rate of Liriomyza sp. were lower in the PLP 4 than in the PLP 2, PLP 0 and control treatments. The treatment plant as a crop repellent lemongrass does not affect the production of onion valley hammer.Attack rate, repellent plants, Liriomyza sp. imag