Noise Pollution in Intensive Care Units and Emergency Wards

Introduction: The improvement of technology has increased noise levels in hospital Wards to higher than international standard levels (35-45 dB). Higher noise levels than the maximum level result in patient’s instability and dissatisfaction. Moreover, it will have serious negative effects on the staff’s health and the quality of their services. The purpose of this survey is to analyze the level of noise in intensive care units and emergency wards of the Imam Reza Teaching Hospital, Mashhad. Procedure: This research was carried out in November 2009 during morning shifts between 7:30 to 12:00. Noise levels were measured 10 times at 30-minute intervals in the nursing stations of 10 wards of the emergency, the intensive care units, and the Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Departments of Imam Reza University Hospital, Mashhad. The noise level in the nursing stations was tested for both the maximum level (Lmax) and the equalizing level (Leq). The research was based on the comparison of equalizing levels (Leq) because maximum levels were unstable. Results: In our survey the average level (Leq) in all wards was much higher than the standard level. The maximum level (Lmax) in most wards was 85-86 dB and just in one measurement in the Internal ICU reached 94 dB. The average level of Leq in all wards was 60.2 dB. In emergency units, it was 62.2 dB, but it was not time related. The highest average level (Leq) was measured at 11:30 AM and the peak was measured in the Nephrology nursing station. Conclusion:  The average levels of noise in intensive care units and also emergency wards were  more than the standard levels and as it is known these wards have vital roles in treatment procedures, so more attention is needed in this area

تحلیل علم سنجی مجلات طب اورژانس و تروما در پایگاه داده های اسکوپوس و ISI : تحلیل علم سنجی مجلات طب اورژانس و تروما در پایگاه داده های اسکوپوس و ISI

Introduction: Scientometrics is a scientific field that can guide readers, academic institutions, and researchers in objective evaluation of the path that human knowledge takes. In recent years, new indicators have been used to rank and validate journals. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between new and common scientometric indicators of journals in the field of emergency medicine and trauma. Methods: In the present descriptive-analytical study, journals specialized in emergency medicine were identified in Scopus and ISI databases. Our target indicators were related to data of journal publications published in 2019, which were collected using online databases of Clarivate Analytics, SCOPUS, PubMed, and SJR. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 19 and R software. Results: In the present study, 57 journals in the field of trauma and emergency medicine were included. Among the journals indexed in Scopus, 24 were also indexed in ISI. In terms of article rankings in the Scopus database, Annals of Emergency Medicine, a Journal based in America and published by Elsevier, ranked first. The average CiteScore of journals specialized in trauma and emergency medicine was 2.16 ± 1.7. Their mean SJR was 0.53 ± 0.34. Mean h-index of these journals was 34.55 ± 28.27 and their mean impact factor (IF) was 1.88 ± 1.08. The average Eigenfactor Score was 0.0047 ± 0.00501. Eigenfactor Score was more correlated with IF and number of published articles compared to CiteScore and SJR. Conclusion: Our findings may help authors figure out which indicators are most relevant to Total Cites or IF. Authors can use this information to make a decision regarding choosing the best bibliographic index to rank the target journals in the field of emergency medicine before submitting articles.  مقدمه: علم سنجی دانشی است که برای هدایت خوانندگان، مؤسسات دانشگاهی و محققان برای ارزیابی عینی مسیری که دانش بشری می پیماید مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. در سال های اخیر از  شاخص های جدیدی برای رتبه دهی و اعتبار سنجی مجلات استفاده شده است. هدف از این مطالعه نیز بررسی ارتباط بین شاخص های علم سنجی جدید و متداول در مجلات حوزه طب اورژانس و تروما  بوده است. روش کار: در مطالعه توصیفی تحلیلی حاضر مجلات تخصصی طب اورژانس در پایگاه داده اسکوپوس و ISI شناسایی شد. شاخص های هدف ما مربوط به داده های انتشار یافته از مجلات در سال 2019 بود که با استفاده از پایگاه داده های آنلاین از Clarivate Analytics ، SCOPUS ، پابمد و SJR  جمع آوری شدند. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS  ورژن 19 و نرم افزار R انجام شد. نتایج: در مطالعه حاضر تعداد 57 ژورنال در زمینه تخصصی طب اورژانس و تروما وارد مطالعه شدند. . از میان مجلات نمایه در اسکوپوس، تعداد 24 مورد در ISI نیز نمایه بودند. از نظر رتبه دهی مقالات در نمایه اسکوپوس، مجله Annals of Emergency Medicine به مرکزیت آمریکا که توسط انتشارات الزویر منتشر می شود، رتبه اول را به خود اختصاص داده بود. میانگین شاخص CiteScore در مجلات تخصصی طب اورژانس و تروما برابر 1.7±2.16  بود. میانگین شاخص SJR برابر 0.34±0.53 بود. میانگین h-index این مجلات برابر 28.27±34.55 بود. میانگین شاخص IF برابر 1.08±1.88 بود. میانگین شاخص Eigenfactor Score برابر 0.00501±0.0047 بود. Eigenfactor Score در مقایسه با CiteScore و SJR همبستگی بیشتری با IF و تعداد مقالات منتشر شده داشت. نتیجه گیری: یافته های ما ممکن است به نویسندگان کمک کند تا بفهمند کدام شاخص ها بهترین ارتباط را با Total Cites یا IF دارند. نویسندگان می توانند از این اطلاعات برای تصمیم گیری در انتخاب ایندکس کتاب شناسی مناسب برای رتبه بندی مجلات هدف رشته طب اورژانس قبل از ارسال مقلات استفاده کنند

Comparison of serum levels of Tri‐iodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4), and Thyroid‐Stimulating Hormone (TSH) in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy

Background: The physiological changes in thyroid gland during pregnancy have been suggested as one of the pathophysiologic causes of preeclampsia.Objective: The aim of this study was comparison of serum levels of Tri‐iodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4), and Thyroid‐Stimulating Hormone (TSH) in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy. Materials and Methods: In this case‐control study, 40 normal pregnant women and 40 cases of preeclampsia in third trimester of pregnancy were evaluated. They were compared for serum levels of Free T3 (FT3), Free T4 (FT4) and TSH. The data was analyzed by SPSS software with the use of t‐student, Chi‐square, Independent sample T-test and Bivariate correlation test. p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age was not statistically different between two groups (p=0.297). No significant difference was observed in terms of parity between two groups (p=0.206). Normal pregnant women were not significantly different from preeclampsia cases in the view of FT3 level (1.38 pg/ml vs. 1.41 pg/ml, p=0.803), FT4 level (0.95 pg/ml vs. 0.96 pg/ml, p=0.834) and TSH level (3.51 μIU/ml vs. 3.10 μIU/ml, p=0.386). Conclusion: The findings of the present study do not support the hypothesis that changes in FT3, FT4 and TSH levels could be possible etiology of preeclampsi