Real Interference Alignment: Exploiting the Potential of Single Antenna Systems

In this paper, the available spatial Degrees-Of-Freedoms (DOF) in single antenna systems is exploited. A new coding scheme is proposed in which several data streams having fractional multiplexing gains are sent by transmitters and interfering streams are aligned at receivers. Viewed as a field over rational numbers, a received signal has infinite fractional DOFs, allowing simultaneous interference alignment of any finite number of signals at any finite number of receivers. The coding scheme is backed up by a recent result in the field of Diophantine approximation, which states that the convergence part of the Khintchine-Groshev theorem holds for points on non-degenerate manifolds. The proposed coding scheme is proved to be optimal for three communication channels, namely the Gaussian Interference Channel (GIC), the uplink channel in cellular systems, and the $X$ channel. It is proved that the total DOF of the $K$-user GIC is $\frac{K}{2}$ almost surely, i.e. each user enjoys half of its maximum DOF. Having $K$ cells and $M$ users within each cell in a cellular system, the total DOF of the uplink channel is proved to be $\frac{KM}{M+1}$. Finally, the total DOF of the $X$ channel with $K$ transmitters and $M$ receivers is shown to be $\frac{KM}{K+M-1}$.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Transaction on Information Theory. The first version was uploaded on arxiv on 17 Aug 2009 with the following title: Forming Pseudo-MIMO by Embedding Infinite Rational Dimensions Along a Single Real Line: Removing Barriers in Achieving the DOFs of Single Antenna System

French Literature: From Realism to Magical Realism

The purpose of the article is to explore the evolution of French literature between the late 19th century and early 21st century. Although French literature has long been dominated by rationalistic ways of thinking, based on the thoughts of René Descartes and John Locke, authors have used different means to express their perceptions of society. The novel Madame Bovary (1856), including its depiction of conjugal relationships, can be considered to have pioneered realism in French literature. During the Second World War, existentialism and absurdism appeared as new ways of examining not only the relationship among humans, but also between humans and God. In the late 20th century, magical realism emerged as a new literary stream that explicitly recognized the irrationality of human thinking. This article finds that the rationality of realism was necessary for magical realism to be accepted; in this rationality, although works of magical realism were irrational, they had to be recognized as fine examples of French literature that embodied such revolutionary ideas as liberté (liberty), égalité (equality), and fraternité (fraternity). To study this phenomenon, we examine the history of french literature by applying archeological method in order to understand the world views of the authors and how they change over time

The User-Education Programs in the University Libraries of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: A Quantitative Study

This study evaluated the User Education Programs (UEPs) in the Public Sector Universities’ libraries of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This study aimed to explore the overall scenario of the user’s education, to probe how much time is allotted for UEPs, what methods and approaches of UEPs are in practice and to suggest the measures for improving user education programs in the libraries. The data from the target sample was collected through questionnaire which was then analyzed as per the objectives of the study. The study identified 34 central and departmental libraries in the six universities of the Southern Part of the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. All the universities’ central and departmental libraries offered users education programs to their users. The UEPs were conducted by the library staff and the faculty members of the respective departments. The most adopted methods or approaches for user education programs were lecture library tours and demonstration. Most of the respondents suggested that there should be a written policy for UEPs, the instruction sessions should be conducted on regular basis, and the UEPs should be organized at the departmental level

ANALISIS PERJANJIAN PERKAWINAN SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 69/PUU-XII/2015

Perjanjian antara seorang pria dan seorang wanita dikenal sebagai kontrak pernikahan yang mengatur tanggung jawab para pihak dalam sebuah pernikahan. Karena Undang-Undang Dasar Indonesia tidak memiliki ketentuan khusus, maka hanya diatur dalam Pasal 29 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan, yang tidak menjelaskan sifat atau syarat kontraktual dari hubungan perkawinan. Berdasarkan struktur sejarahnya, akad nikah berdasarkan Pasal 29 UUP dianggap tidak sesuai dengan hukum asal Pasal 29 ayat 1 UUP, dan baik itu dibuat sebelum atau selama perkawinan, pengertiannya benar. Putusan MK Nomor 1. Menurut PUU-XIII/2015, 69/PUU-XIII/2015. Perjanjian dapat dibuat sebelum atau sesudah perkawinan, tetapi tidak selama perkawinan, menurut putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi saat ini (perjanjian pranikah).

China and Regional Security in South and Southeast Asia: A Comparative Analysis of ASEAN and SAARC

Asian regionalism is largely represented by economic cooperation at sub-regional levels, and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is seen as a prominent example of that. In contrast, the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) has failed to take off as a platform for economic cooperation and has been hostage to the India-Pakistan rivalry. While ASEAN was established as a forum to address members' security apprehensions concerning China, SAARC was created to focus on regional cooperation in non-controversial matters like trade and human security. Hence, ASEAN has engaged more deeply with China through various mechanisms. Conversely, SAARC-China relations remain limited because India, the most dominant actor in the organization and the region, views China as a threat to its security and hegemony in South Asia. The research, therefore, aims to answer the following question: How does one region successfully manage security challenges/threats while the other remains ensnared by them? Resolving this puzzle necessitates a nuanced understanding of the role of regionalism in Southeast Asia, emphasizing the significance of comprehending the process and evolution of regionalism in this context. To address this inquiry, the research employs a comparative-historical analysis grounded in archival data encompassing both primary and secondary sources. The investigation reveals that SAARC's limited engagement with China is a consequence of India's opposition, a dynamic absent in ASEAN, where Indonesia actively supports cooperation with China. The research underscores the critical importance of unraveling the complexities of regionalism in Southeast Asia to grasp the underlying factors contributing to divergent outcomes in these regional organizations